Solid-Phase Extraction of Gallium(III) with Hydrophobic 8-Quinolinol Derivatives-impregnated Resin from Aqueous Acidic and Alkaline Solutions

Abstract

Gallium is one of the most important elements in the electronic industry. Its compounds, such as GaAs and GaN, are used in various high-technology devices, such as laser diodes, analog integrated circuits, semiconductors, and other electronic devices. 1 However, gallium is not found in concentrated deposits, and is usually commercially recovered from bauxites and sphalerite as a byproduct of the manufacture of aluminum and zinc, respectively. Therefore, the recovery of gallium from various industrial materials is a very interesting subject.Solvent extraction is commonly used to separate and concentrate gallium(III) from aqueous acidic and alkaline solutions. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] However, solvent extraction has some disadvantages, such as the need to use toxic and flammable organic solvents, pollution of the aqueous solution by the remaining organic solvent, and the production of toxic liquid wastes. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a more environmentally acceptable method than solvent extraction. Moreover, many of the problems associated with solvent extraction can be prevented with SPE, such as incomplete phase separations (micellization and emulsion), the precipitation of an analyte at the liquid-liquid interface and the wall of the extraction-cell, and disposal of large quantities of organic solvents.Several excellent reviews on the SPE of metal ions have been reported. 11,12 The uses of synthetic resins combined with a chelating ligand as a functional group, called a chelating resin, are very useful for the SPE of metal ions. [13][14][15][16] However, the synthesis of chelating resins having various ligands is not easy, and somewhat time-consuming.The impregnation of a chelating reagent as an extractant onto the resins can be used as an alternative to the chelating resins due to a relatively simple preparation. In order to prevent the extractant from leaching from the extractant-impregnated resin, hydrophobic extractants that interact with the resin strongly are often used. Interesting studies of the SPE of gallium(III) using various hydrophobic extractants, such as 1-(2-pyridylazo)naphthol, 17 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol, 21 were reported. 8-Quinolinol derivatives (HQs) have been widely used as extractants, 22 because they can form stable complexes with various metal ions. In a previous study, we demonstrated that gallium(III) could be quantitatively extracted with HQs from a weakly acidic solution. [23][24][25][26] Moreover, the quantitative extraction of gallium(III) with Amberlite XAD-4 and XAD-7 resins containing 7-dodecenyl-8-quinolinol was reported by Isshiki et al. 20 Cote and co-workers investigated the SPE of gallium(III) with HEMOQ-impregnated Amberlite XAD-2 resin from a 5.0 mol l -1 aqueous NaOH solution. 21 In this study, we investigated the SPE of gallium(III) from acidic and alkaline solutions with hydrophobic HQ-impregnated resins, and found the effect of alkyl-and halogen-substitution in HQ on the extractability of gallium(III) into the resin phase. Moreover, the availability of HQ...

Enhancement effect of some phosphorylated compounds on fluorescence of quinazoline-based chelating ligand complexed with gallium ion

“…1) [10], was synthesized for the trace determination of metal ions. DBHQ exhibits intense fluorescence in the presence of Ga 3+ , which is an element recently used in semiconductor industry and partly electronic instruments, and is care for environmental pollution [11]. The fluorescence quantum yield (f) of the DBHQ-Ga 3+ complex is 0.401 [10].…”

Utility of solid phase extraction for UV-visible spectrophotometric determination of gallium in environmental and biological samples

“…Aside from the more sensitive and relatively interference-free atomic absorption and emission spectrometric methods of gallium quantication, 33 the cheaper and more common spectrophotometric methods require the use of colour-forming reagents such as rhodamine B, 34 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR), 35 1-(2pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN), 36 xylenol orange, 37 eriochrome black T, 38 2,6,7-trihydroxy-9-phenyl-3H-xanthen-3-one (phenyl uorone), 39 salicylaldehyde-4-aminobenzoylhydrazone, 40 and 2-[2-(3,5dibromopyridyl)-azo]-5-diethylamino-benzoic acid. 41 Unfortunately, most of these chromogenic reagents require preliminary operations in the form of Ga extraction into organic solvents.…”

Monosegmented Flow Analysis Exploiting Aqueous Two-phase Systems for the Determination of Cobalt

“…8,9 Methodologies that apply traditional liquid-liquid extraction techniques have some disadvantages, mainly the use of toxic, carcinogenic and flammable organic solvents. 10,11 A convenient approach to address the limitations of FA-SE is to perform the selective extraction of a metallic ion by using monosegmented flow analysis in conjunction with an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), which makes determination of the analyte possible. 12 Under specific thermodynamic conditions, an ATPS can be formed by mixing aqueous solutions of (i) certain electrolytes and a polymer, 13,14 (ii) two types of watersoluble polymers 15 or (iii) two types of electrolytes.…”