Solid‐phase extraction of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides in complex samples with a zirconium(IV)‐based metal–organic framework

Abstract

A zirconium(IV)‐based metal–organic framework material (MOF‐808) has been synthesized in a simple way and used for the extraction of phenoxyacetic acids in complex samples. The material has good thermal and chemical stability, large specific surface area (905.36 m²/g), and high pore size (22.18 Å). Besides, it contains a large amount of Zr‐O groups, easy‐to‐form Zr‐O‐H bond with carboxyl groups of phenoxyacetic acids, and possesses biphenyl skeleton structure, easy to interact with compounds through π‐π and hydrophobic interactions. These characteristics make the material very suitable for the extraction of certain compounds with a high extraction efficiency and excellent selectivity. The extraction conditions were optimized, and then an analytical method was successfully established and applied for analysis of actual samples. The solid‐phase extraction method based on prepared material had a wide linear range of 0.2–250 μg/L and a low detection limit of 0.1–0.5 μg/L for four phenoxyacetic acid compounds including 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid, 4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and dicamba. The relative standard deviations of intra‐ and interday precision were 1.8–3.8 and 4.3–6.9%, and the recoveries after spiking were between 77.1 and 109.3%. The results showed that the material is a desired substituent for the extraction of compounds with benzene ring structure containing carboxyl groups.

Development of monolith/aminated carbon nanotubes composite‐based solid‐phase microextraction of phenoxycarboxylic acids herbicides in water and soil samples

“…It also can be seen from the comparison that the sensitivity obtained in the suggested method is better than that got in part of reported approaches [29][30][31][32], and even better than that achieved in d-SPE-HPLC-MS/MS [33] which high sensitive detector was utilized. The recoveries got in the proposed method and existing approaches [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] are at the same level.…”

“…To further demonstrate the merits of the current approach, a comparison between the characteristics of the established method with reported methods [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] was carried out. As depicted in Table 3, the sample consumed in the current method is less than that needed in dispersive SPE (d-SPE)-HPLC MS/MS [27,33], d-SPE ion mobility spectrometry [34], SPE-HPLC/DAD [35], and pipette tip solidphase extraction-HPLC/DAD (PT-SPE-HPLC/DAD) [36].…”

New phases for analytical scale extraction from plants: Current and future trends

“…Mainly used for the extraction of contaminants from plant extracts [99,100], MOFs have also shown great potential as sorbents in combination with microextraction methods to extract active compounds from plants and plant products. However, their applications in this field are still quite limited as only a few studies on this possible use can be found.…”

TiO2@MOF-919(Fe–Cu) as a sorbent for the extraction of benzoylurea pesticides from irrigation water and fruit juices

“…In the past two decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with high porosity and specic area, adjustable structure and function, and good biocompatibility, have been widely regarded as promising alternatives for application in gas storage, 8,9 catalysis, 10,11 chemical sensing 12,13 and delivery, 14,15 and have attracted wide attention in sample pretreatment. 16,17 However, the size of most MOF particles is too small to collect. In the SPE program, this leads to the MOF running through the column, which makes it difficult to conduct follow-up experiments.…”