2003
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-002-1688-x
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Solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) and headspace derivatization of clenbuterol followed by GC–FID and GC–SIMMS quantification

Abstract: Solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) and on-fiber derivatization followed by Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) or Selected Ion Monitoring Mass Spectrometry (GC-SIMMS) allows for simple yet sensitive quantification for the hexamethyldisilazane derivative of the beta-agonist clenbuterol. Using an 85- micro m polyacrylate fiber, the analysis method is optimized with respect to extraction time, derivatization time and temperature, and solution pH. In addition, the use of a rapid te… Show more

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Cited by 33 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…Therefore, specific and sensitive methods for the identification and quantification of these compounds in milk are required. To identify these compounds in biological samples, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS or LC-MS-MS) [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] methods have been developed. However, GC-MS (MS/MS) requires time-consuming derivatization steps to enhance the volatility of analytes, which might produce interferences and consequently make more difficult quantitation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, specific and sensitive methods for the identification and quantification of these compounds in milk are required. To identify these compounds in biological samples, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS or LC-MS-MS) [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] methods have been developed. However, GC-MS (MS/MS) requires time-consuming derivatization steps to enhance the volatility of analytes, which might produce interferences and consequently make more difficult quantitation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Derivatization reaction proceeds quickly in an airtight vial saturated with the vapor of the derivatization agent which was easier to react with the target. So on-fiber derivatization was adopted as reported by Engelmann et al [15]. SPME and on-fiber derivatization are two relatively independent procedures.…”
Section: Optimization Of On-fiber Derivatizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…7.4). Reagents used for this purpose have high volatility, such as silylation reagents including n-methyl-n-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) [38], nmethyl-n-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) [39], hexamethyldisilazane [40], n-methylbis(trifluoroacetamide) [41], pentafluorobenzoyl chloride [42], or trifluoroacetic anhydride [43]. After DI SPME with appropriate fiber, on-fiber post-derivatization with silylation reagents have mainly focused on the analysis of aliphatic amines, phenolic compounds, acid pesticides, …”
Section: On-fiber Post-derivatizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On-fiber post-derivatization is widely used for anatoxin-a [112,113], p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) [56], phenolic compounds [45,53,161,162], β-agonist clenbuterol [40], anti-inflammatory drugs [39], dimethylamine [103], salicylate-and benzophenone-type UV filters [163], phenoxy acid herbicides, and dicamba [54]. On-fiber in situ derivatization is used for compounds isocyanates [35] and trimethylamine (TMA) [102].…”
Section: Watermentioning
confidence: 99%