Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for determining chlorophenols from landfill leaches and soil

Lee, Maw-Rong; Yeh, Y. C.; Hsiang, W. S.; Hwang, Bao-Huey

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00075-2

Cited by 112 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…20,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] Todos os trabalhos reportados na literatura apresentam modificações peculiares no processo de extração com o objetivo de melhorar a análise e os resultados. Um exemplo é o método analítico descrito por Santana et al, 66 no qual a MEFS com dessorção em meio micelar foi aplicada para determinação de cloro-fenóis em amostras de esgoto tratado e águas subterrâneas, utilizando CLAE e um detector com arranjo de diodos (DAD).…”

Section: Microextração Em Fase Sólidaunclassified

Alternativas verdes para o preparo de amostra e determinação de poluentes fenólicos em água

Rodrigues¹,

Silva²,

Silva³

2010

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 8/10/09; aceito em 11/3/10; publicado na web em 20/7/10 GREEN ALTERNATIVES FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF PHENOLIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER. The restricted availability of water sources suitable for consumption and high costs for obtaining potable water has caused an increase of the conscience concerning the use. Thus, there is a high demand for "environmentally safe methods" which are according to the principles of Green Chemistry. Moreover, these methods should be able to provide reliable results for the analysis of water quality for various pollutants, such as phenol. In this work, greener alternatives for sample preparation for phenol determination in aqueous matrices are presented, which include: liquid phase microextraction, solid phase microextraction, flow analysis, cloud point extraction and aqueous two-phase systems.Keywords: phenols; green chemistry; water. INTRODUÇÃONas últimas décadas, devido às consequências negativas do grande crescimento industrial e populacional, que provoca graves danos à saúde humana e à natureza, o aumento da responsabilidade ambiental tem sido visível. Diversos países têm voltado seus esforços para a busca do desenvolvimento auto-sustentável, que pode ser definido como o progresso industrial que atenda às necessidades do presente sem comprometer a capacidade das futuras gerações de satisfazerem suas próprias necessidades. 1 Inevitavelmente, essa demanda teve influência decisiva na Quí-mica. Pesquisadores têm buscado, cada vez mais, desenvolver novos métodos, 2,3 elaborar novas sínteses, 4,5 criar novas ferramentas, 6,7 que reduzam ou eliminem componentes indesejáveis de uma análise química, como, produção de resíduos, uso de reagentes tóxicos, desperdício de energia em processos industriais, etc. Química verde (QV): definição e princípiosA partir da década de 90, surge uma nova tendência em como conduzir as análises químicas, com o intuito de reduzir o impacto ambiental das mesmas. Essa nova visão é denominada Green Chemistry, ou química verde, química limpa, química ambientalmente benigna, ou ainda, química auto-sustentável. O conceito da química verde, que inclui 12 princípios básicos, é definido como o projeto, desenvolvimento e a aplicação de produtos e processos químicos com o objetivo de reduzir ou eliminar o uso ou a geração de substâncias nocivas à saúde humana e ao ambiente.8 A partir disso, iniciaram-se diversas pesquisas com o objetivo de desenvolver métodos ambientalmente seguros.Um dos principais alvos dos estudos envolvendo química verde e preocupação ambiental é o monitoramento da qualidade das águas, haja vista o papel fundamental desempenhado pela água na manutenção de todos outros segmentos da natureza. Para que esse monitoramento (não apenas da água, mas como de outras matrizes, como solos, atmosfera, etc.) fosse realizado de forma eficaz, diversas agências de controle ambiental foram criadas. Dentre elas, destacamse a Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) que, atualmente, é um dos principais órgãos de controle ambiental do mundo e, em ...

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Section: Microextração Em Fase Sólidaunclassified

Alternativas verdes para o preparo de amostra e determinação de poluentes fenólicos em água

Rodrigues¹,

Silva²,

Silva³

2010

Quím. Nova

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“…As an internal standard (IS), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) was employed [11]. Stock standard solutions of each halogenated phenol were prepared by weight in methanol (Carlo Erba Reagenti, Milan, Italy) at a concentration level of 100 lg/mL.…”

Section: Chemicals Reagents and Wine Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the matrix effect on the headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) analysis of chlorophenols in wines

Insa¹,

Besalú²,

Salvadó³

et al. 2007

J of Separation Science

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In this paper, we propose a comparative study to check the matrix effect on the extraction of three chlorophenols, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol, direct precursors of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole, in synthetic and commercial wines (white and red wines). A rapid, simple and sensitive methodology based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) and mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS) was developed and the variables affecting the extraction process (temperature, time and salt content) were examined employing a factorial design at two levels. Since GC-ECD does not allow the clear identification of target analytes in white wine, owing to overlapped interferences, GC-MS/MS was used for subsequent examinations. Calibration curves were constructed in synthetic, white and red wine. Significant differences between the slopes of synthetic and red wine, with the exception of TCP, were observed. Analytical parameters were evaluated and satisfactory results were obtained, showing the usefulness of the headspace SPME (HS-SPME) method for determining chlorophenolic compounds in wines.

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“…They proved that the presence of humic acids and surfactants in the samples significantly dew x creased the extraction efficiency. Lee et al 16 used polyacrylate fiber to extract chlorophenols in landfill leaches and soils. Different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency from water were studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of phenols in soils by in situ acetylation headspace solid-phase microextraction

2000

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A headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HSSPME) method for the determination of phenols in soils has been developed. The samples were suspended in water and phenols were derivatized in situ by adding potassium bicarbonate and acetic anhydride. Afterward, the sample was stirred and HSSPME was performed exposing the PDMS fiber with a 100 μ m thickness to the headspace over the sample. Finally, the fiber was inserted in the GC injector port and GC‐MSD analysis was carried out. Parameters affecting the extension of the adsorption process were studied (addition of water to the soil sample, sample size, salting out effect, volume of headspace). Also the extraction kinetics at 25 and 100°C were studied and compared. The proposed HSSPME method exhibits good performance in terms of precision, sensitivity, and linearity. Detection limits were in the sub‐ng/g. This method has been applied to a real contaminated soil and the concentrations of phenols found with the proposed method were in good agreement with the certified phenol values. ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 25–32, 2000

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Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for determining chlorophenols from landfill leaches and soil

Cited by 112 publications

References 21 publications

Alternativas verdes para o preparo de amostra e determinação de poluentes fenólicos em água

Alternativas verdes para o preparo de amostra e determinação de poluentes fenólicos em água

Assessment of the matrix effect on the headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) analysis of chlorophenols in wines

Determination of phenols in soils by in situ acetylation headspace solid-phase microextraction

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