Solid phase microextraction of pesticide residues from strawberries

Abstract

A new solid phase microextraction method for the determination of pesticide residues in strawberries for 16 commonly used compounds was described. The strawberries were crushed and centrifuged. An aliquot of the well agitated aqueous supernatant (4 ml) was extracted with a fibre coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, 100 microns) for 45 min at room temperature. Identification and quantification were achieved using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system and selective ion monitoring (SIM). The method was tested for the following pesticides: carbofuran, diethofencarb, penconazole, hexaconazole, metalaxyl, folpet, bromopropylate, dichlofluanid, alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, parathion ethyl, procymidone, iprodione, vinclozolin, myclobutanil and chlorothalonil. Limits of detection, repeatability and linearity for standard calibration in strawberries were obtained. Positive and negative effects of the matrix between the extracting solution of strawberries and water were observed. Stabilities of these compounds in the extracting solution of strawberries were determined. The solvent-free SPME procedure was found to be quicker and more cost effective than the solvent extraction methods commonly used.

Pesticide residues in Brassica vegetables and exposure assessment of consumers

“…Although during the past years, many new solventless extraction techniques have emerged such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) (Nerin, Battle, & Cacho, 1998;Valverde-Garcia, FernandezAlba, Contreras, & Aguera, 1996), solid-phase microextraction (SPME) (Diaz, Vazquez, Ventura, & Galceran, 2004;Hu, Hennion, Urruty, & Montury, 1999), solid-phase extraction (SPE) (Colume, Cardenas, Gallego, & Valance, 2001;Gonzalez-Rodriguez, RialOtero, Cancho-Grande, & Simal-Gandara, 2008;Rodriguez, Pico, Font, & Manes, 2002) and matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) (Albero, Sanchez-Brunete, & Tadeo, 2003).…”

Berries of many colours

“…This can involve mould, yeast, parasites and viruses, including hepatitis A virus [47][48][49][50][51] . On the other side of the coin, and partly as a result of the use by farmers of somewhat heavy levels of pesticides to keep those very kind of infestations at bay, there is a potential problem with pesticide residues 52,53 . Levels of the pesticide carbaryl were correlated with higher consumption of strawberries in one observational study 54 .…”

Applications of Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables: A Review

“…There are three different modes of fiber SPME: DI-SPME, HS-SPME, and membrane protection (31). DI-SPME (28)(29)(30)(35)(36)(37), HS-SPME (2,14,23,(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46), and solvent extraction prior to DI-or HS-SPME (26,35,36,(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53) are widely used for the extraction of pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables.…”

“…In DI-SPME, matrix effects are reduced by dilution with distilled water (28,43,46,60). The extraction efficiency can also be improved by previous extraction of the analyte into water or other solvent (26,35,36,(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52), using focused MAE (FMAE) followed by DI-SPME. This is done due to the complexity of fruit and vegetable matrixes.…”