Solid state and smelting reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate with coke

Huang, Run; Lv, Xuewei; Bai, Chenguang; Deng, Qingyu; W, S

doi:10.1179/1879139512y.0000000008

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The MD simulation and viscosity measurements were also performed by Kim and Park for the FeO-TiO 2 (-Na 2 O) systems 30 . They obtained the similar results with Hu et al 28 and Huang et al 29 for the FeO-TiO 2 system and additionally found that Na 2 O decreases the viscosity of the melts, resulting from a decrease in CN of titanium by Na 2 O addition. A decrease in CN of titanium means the network breaking event by Na 2 O, resulting in a decrease in viscosity 30 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Even though the viscosity of titanium slag was investigated by several authors, it is difficult to understand the structure-viscosity relationship because the structure of titanate is significantly different from that of silicate melts. Recently, Hu et al 28 directly measured the viscosity of titanium slag using rotating viscometer and found that the viscosity decreases with increasing FeO, while it increases with increasing TiO 2 content 28,29 . They also calculated the coordination number (CN) of titanium using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, by which the CN of Ti in the TiO 2 -rich melts would be 6, i.e., the [TiO 6 ]-octahedron is main backbone structure of the melts 28,29 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Hu et al 28 directly measured the viscosity of titanium slag using rotating viscometer and found that the viscosity decreases with increasing FeO, while it increases with increasing TiO 2 content 28,29 . They also calculated the coordination number (CN) of titanium using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, by which the CN of Ti in the TiO 2 -rich melts would be 6, i.e., the [TiO 6 ]-octahedron is main backbone structure of the melts 28,29 . The MD simulation and viscosity measurements were also performed by Kim and Park for the FeO-TiO 2 (-Na 2 O) systems 30 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the production efficiency of high-titania slag in Ti extraction process: fluxing effect on formation of pseudobrookite

Kim

Heo

Park

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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We investigated the carbothermic reduction process of ilmenite ore at 1873 K with flux addition. Without flux, the pseudobrookite phase with a high melting temperature was precipitated during ilmenite smelting. This could be the main reason for decreased reduction of iron in ilmenite. To accelerate reduction of ilmenite, two factors were considered. One is increasing the reduction driving force during smelting. Activity of FeO is the major factor to control reduction in driving force. The other factor is delay in formation of the pseudobrookite phase, a high-melting point precipitation phase. In this system, MgO in ilmenite could be used to form pseudobrookite. To control these factors, in this study, flux agent (i.e., Na 2 o or Sio 2 ) addition was considered. The thermochemical simulation program, factSage TM 7.0 was used to calculate the viscosity of slag and the activity of components as fluxing agents were added. High-temperature experiments using an induction furnace were also conducted to confirm the computational results. To determine the composition of final products, i.e., titanium slag, X-ray fluorescence analysis was executed. As a result of Fe and Ti behaviours in slag, SiO 2 addition showed no significant difference from the slag without flux. However, Fe reduction in ilmenite, i.e. tio 2 -enrichment, was more accelerated when Na 2 O was added. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic analyses results also showed that even 1 wt% Na 2 o addition significantly influenced the titanium slag production compared to no flux addition.As titanium has good physical and chemical properties, e.g. excellent strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, fracture toughness, and high-temperature characteristics, its demand steadily increases 1-5 . The major raw material for titanium extraction is rutile (~95% TiO 2 ), which quickly is being depleted. Therefore, ilmenite (FeTiO 3 , 30-65% TiO 2 ) as a substitutional resource is in the spotlight. There are previous studies about the ilmenite smelting process in conjunction with pre-oxidation treatment, which improves the reactivity of ilmenite 6-13 . After the pre-oxidation treatment, the ilmenite ore is sent to direct leaching or high temperature reduction stages according to the consecutive processes [14][15][16][17][18] .Our group originally investigated the effect of temperature on FeO reduction, i.e., TiO 2 -upgrading, from ilmenite ore from 1723 to 1923 K 13 . Unlike the expectation that the Ti-yield would be greater with higher temperatures, the slag composition in the actual experiment was not significantly changed. One of the reasons is precipitation of pseudobrookite (ps-BR), which is one of the most stable phases with M 3 O 5 stoichiometry. In the position of M, the divalent cations (mainly Fe 2+ , minor Ti 2+ and/or Mg 2+ ) and the trivalent cations (primarily Ti 3+ ) are in balance of valence. Thus, it is normally expressed as [Fe,Ti,Mg] x Ti y O 5 (x + y = 3) formula. Because the melting point of ps-B...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the production efficiency of high-titania slag in Ti extraction process: fluxing effect on formation of pseudobrookite

Kim

Heo

Park

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Previous finding (Huang et al, 2012) suggested that coke was important to provide sufficient carbon for full reduction of iron oxides in the ilmenite concentrate. The grinding machine was a laboratory scale mill made of rubber liners, with an inner diameter of 0.5 m and an inner volume of 0.1 m 3 .…”

Section: Experimental Apparatus and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of wet grinding on carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate

Song

et al. 2015

International Journal of Mineral Processing

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“…The experimental scheme is shown in Table 3. The coke dosage used in the reduction experiments was fixed at 12%, based on a previous study 10. The effect of Fe–Si addition on the reduction degree of ilmenite was studied, and the addition levels were selected as 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4%, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement Reduction of Panzhihua Ilmenite Concentrate with Coke and Conglomeration of Metal with Ferrosilicon

Huang

Bai

et al. 2013

steel research int.

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The particle size and metallization ratio of iron in reduced ilmenite have an important function in separating the metal from TiO 2 -rich slag in the electric arc furnace process. In this study, an ilmenite concentrate supplied by Panzhihua Iron and Steel (Group) Co. was reduced at 13808C in an electric resistance furnace. The effects of Fe-Si addition and reduction time on the particle size and metallization ratio of iron in the reduced sample were analyzed. The metallization ratio of iron significantly increased with increasing Fe-Si amount and reduction time, and reached %90% after 40 min. However, the metallization ratio of iron was about 85% without Fe-Si addition. Meanwhile, the iron particle size increased with increasing Fe-Si amount; the growth was obvious with the addition of 1% Fe-Si. Moreover, the growth rate of the iron particle size also increased with increasing reduction time. The TG-DTG curves indicated that the mass loss with Fe-Si addition was less than that without Fe-Si addition, and the temperature at which the maximum rate of mass loss rate was achieved was lower than that without Fe-Si addition.

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Solid state and smelting reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate with coke

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Improving the production efficiency of high-titania slag in Ti extraction process: fluxing effect on formation of pseudobrookite

Improving the production efficiency of high-titania slag in Ti extraction process: fluxing effect on formation of pseudobrookite

Effect of wet grinding on carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate

Enhancement Reduction of Panzhihua Ilmenite Concentrate with Coke and Conglomeration of Metal with Ferrosilicon

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