Solid state fermentation of soybean waste and an up-flow column bioreactor for continuous production of camptothecine by an endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum

Abstract

The potential of an endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum (NCIM 1383) to produce the anti-cancer prodrug 'camptothecine (CPT)' by solid state fermentation (SSF) of agro-industrial by-products was investigated. Amongst the various substrates used under optimized SSF conditions, soybean meal was found to be the most efficient medium for optimum production of CPT by the fungus. The effect of the addition of different complex protein sources to the soybean meal substrate on productivity by the fungus was also studied. The CPT production was found to be increased by 46.87% after supplementation of "whey concentrate powder" as a complex protein source to the soybean meal. The optimized SSF conditions were used to develop a bench-scale, up flow bioreactor to check its applicability for continuous CPT production which could yield up to 128 mg l À1 CPT after 48 h of incubation. Whey, when used as a source of moisture in SSF, also was found to play a vital role in enhancing the CPT yield. Environmental parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total soluble solids (TSS) and total protein content of whey effluent after fermentation were found to be reduced significantly highlighting the environmental applications of the process developed. The SSF methodology applied in the present study allows bioutilization of cheaper substrates; soybean meal and whey, by the endophytic fungus for production of valuable anti-cancer pro drug CPT.

Valorization of Glycine max (Soybean) Seed Waste: Optimization of the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) and Characterization of Polyphenols from Soybean Meal Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

“…Soybean meal is a by-product of the soybean seed industry, which is commonly used for animal feeding [1,2] or rejected directly in nature, then causing serious problems to municipalities and to the environment [3,4]. In order to reduce pollution related to soybean seed industry's by-products and wastes, numerous usages have been proposed and tested: broiler breeding [1], growing substrate or source of specific compounds for microorganisms [3,5], biosurfactants [6], and biodiesel production among others. But soybean waste and meal particularly have not been exploited for the production of polyphenols.…”

Endophytic Fungi: Key Insights, Emerging Prospects, and Challenges in Natural Product Drug Discovery

“…In the endophytic fungi F. solani from Ferocactus latispinus, the pH value and nitrogen/carbon ratio were found to affect polyketide production and were optimized, resulting in a higher yield (476 µmol/L) [280]. In addition, a bioreactor was developed to monitor the consistent production of metabolites [281]. The colonization of plant internal tissues by fungal endophytes (dark condition) showed that light treatment decreased taxol production in Paraconiothyrium SSM001 and decreased the level of gene expression [282].…”

Solid-State Fermentation as a Novel Paradigm for Organic Waste Valorization: A Review

“…Pulp and paper solid waste were pre-treated with acid hydrolysis in a microwave prior to SSF as a substrate to produce fumaric acid [80]. In the production of an anti-cancer pro-drug, camptothecine (CPT), by SSF, complex protein sources (whey concentrate powder) were added to soybean waste to enhance the productivity of Fusarium oxysporum producing a secondary metabolite [81].…”