Solid-state NMR characterization of triacylglycerol and polysaccharides in coffee beans

Kanai, Noriko; Yoshihara, Naoki; Kawamura, Izuru

doi:10.1080/09168451.2019.1571899

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The comparison of 13 C CP NMR spectra of the same material before (SCD, Figure A2 a) and after pyrolysis (PSC50, Figure A2 b) shows the influence of the temperature treatment. In the spectrum of raw SCD, well-resolved signals corresponding to all organic matter present in SCD such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as proteins and lipids, can be observed [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Carbons of different polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose cause the intense and narrow signals between 60 and 110 ppm ( Figure A2 a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Adsorbents from Spent Coffee for Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange from Water

et al. 2021

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Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from dried spent coffee (SCD), a biological waste product, to produce adsorbents for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. Pre-pyrolysis activation of SCD was achieved via treatment of the SCD with aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions at 90 °C. Pyrolysis of the pretreated SCD at 500 °C for 1 h produced powders with typical characteristics of AC suitable and effective for dye adsorption. As an alternative to the rather harsh base treatment, calcium carbonate powder, a very common and abundant resource, was also studied as an activator. Mixtures of SCD and CaCO3 (1:1 w/w) yielded effective ACs for MO and MB removal upon pyrolysis needing only small amounts of AC to clear the solutions. A selectivity of the adsorption process toward anionic (MO) or cationic (MB) dyes was not observed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Adsorbents from Spent Coffee for Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange from Water

et al. 2021

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“…The 13 C NMR results (Figure ) reveal similar patterns of functional groups present in the spectrum produced. There is the single characteristic carbonyl peak of the ester group present (CO) at 170.8 ppm, and the four peaks at 129.9, 129.4, 127.7, and 127.5 ppm are all due to ethylenic carbons and are characteristic of the fatty acid ester long chains. , The peaks at 60.1 and 13.8 ppm are due to the CH 2 and CH 3 of the ethyl ester, respectively, hence proving successful production of the FAEE …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…There is the single characteristic carbonyl peak of the ester group present (C�O) at 170.8 ppm, and the four peaks at 129.9, 129.4, 127.7, and 127.5 ppm are all due to ethylenic carbons and are characteristic of the fatty acid ester long chains. 42,43 The peaks at 60.1 and 13.8 ppm are due to the CH 2 and CH 3 of the ethyl ester, respectively, hence proving successful production of the FAEE. 41 Both the IR and the NMR spectra for the final product showed that the same functional groups are present, including the characteristic ester, alkyl, and alkene groups found in fatty acid esters along with the peaks for the ethyl group, which this biodiesel analogue is comprised of.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Byproduct Valorization: From Spent Coffee Grounds to Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters

et al. 2022

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A laboratory experiment was designed to provide students with an introduction to byproduct valorization by producing an analogue of biodiesel (fatty acid ethyl esters, FAEE) via lipid extraction and subsequent transesterification from spent coffee grounds (SCG). Valorization is the process of upgrading underutilized or discarded wastes or byproducts into chemicals, materials, and (bio)energy. Upon isolation of the intermediate and FAEE, students analyzed the respective spectroscopic characteristics using infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as evaluated gas chromatography spectra that were provided. Associated green metrics for the reaction were determined to obtain a quantitative measure of the “greenness” of the experiment. In this laboratory experiment, students are introduced to key concepts such as whole systems thinking and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals where they apply these frameworks to real-world problems such as consumption and waste disposal. In addition to providing a greener alternative to traditional methods for biodiesel analogue production from SCG by solvent alterations, this experiment demonstrates the value of waste that would otherwise be overlooked to generate products that can help reduce the continued use of finite fossil fuels.

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“…In addition, the small peaks attributed to triacylglycerol (TAG) and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) were identified in the spectra of the two CNF samples (Figure S6). ,, A detailed discussion of the remaining COM is mentioned in XRD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling of Waste Hop Stems into Cellulose Nanofibers: Isolation and Structural Characterization

Kanai

Nishimura²,

Umetani

et al. 2021

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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Hop (Humulus lupulus) is cultivated to harvest female flowers that lend a deep flavor, aroma, and bitter taste to beer. However, the rest of the plant is burned or land filled as agro-industrial waste. This work upcycles hop stems (HS), which contain 44% cellulose, and demonstrates their suitability as raw materials for the isolation of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The Wise method followed by alkaline pretreatment removed lignin and hemicellulose. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical-mediated oxidation fibrillated CNFs from pretreated and non-pretreated HS. A uniform height distribution was inferred from atomic force microscopy, with a median of ∼2 nm for pretreated and non-pretreated HS-derived CNFs. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction characterizations indicated that the pretreatment enhanced the purity and crystallinity of the CNFs, though traces of triacylglycerols and calcium oxalate monohydrate remained. The two CNF samples exhibited similar two-step thermal degradation at 255–260 and 300 °C, though less char residue was produced by the pretreated CNFs.

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Solid-state NMR characterization of triacylglycerol and polysaccharides in coffee beans

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Carbon Adsorbents from Spent Coffee for Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange from Water

Carbon Adsorbents from Spent Coffee for Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange from Water

Byproduct Valorization: From Spent Coffee Grounds to Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters

Upcycling of Waste Hop Stems into Cellulose Nanofibers: Isolation and Structural Characterization

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