Solid-State Power Combining for Heating Small Volumes of Mixed Waste Materials

Abstract

Microwave heating of waste results in chemical breakdown that can lead to conversion of mixed waste materials to fuel. Heating waste mixtures with microwave energy rather than incineration results in faster breakdown and can therefore be more efficient. Here we address heating of small volumes of mixed food waste materials with widely differing and temperature-dependent electrical properties. Uniform heating is accomplished with mode mixing within a loaded cavity and by spatial power combining of solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs). We present a heating comparison of two circuit-combined and spatially-combined 2.45 GHz 70-W 65% efficient GaN SSPAs with controlled relative phase. The heating efficacy is shown to improve by volumetric combining inside the waste loading. The temperature changes in several locations and for several common waste materials and mixtures are investigated and compared to FEM electromagnetic simulations, as well as FDTD multi-physics simulations that incorporate thermal dependence of material properties. The approach is scalable in volume and power, demonstrated by a simulation comparison of the 1.4 L small cavity to a 5.2 L volume.INDEX TERMS Microwave heating, power amplifiers, efficiency, power combining, multi-physics modelling.This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination.