Solidification Chronology of the Metal Matrix and a Study of Conditions for Micropore Formation in Cast Irons Using EPMA and FTA

Abstract

Microsegregation is closely coupled with solidification, the development of microstructure, and involved in the formation of various casting defects. This paper demonstrates how the local composition of the metal matrix of graphitic cast irons, measured using quantitative electron microprobe analysis, can be used to estimate its solidification chronology. The method is applied in combination with Fourier thermal analysis to investigate the formation of micropores in cast irons with varying proportions of compacted and spheroidal graphite produced by remelting.The results indicate that micropores formed at mass fractions of solid between 0.77 and 0.91, which corresponded to a stage of solidification when the temperature decline of the castings was large and increasing. In 4 out of the 5 castings, pores appear to have formed soon after the rate of solidification and heat dissipation had reached their maximum and were decreasing. Freezing point depression due to build-up of microsegregation and the transition from compacted to spheroidal type eutectic growth both influence solidification kinetics and the temperature evolution of the casting, but did not clearly account for the observed late decline in the rate of solidification.

Computational Modeling of Shrinkage Porosity Formation in Spheroidal Graphite Iron: a Proof of Concept and Experimental Validation

“…Such a behavior is also expected for SG iron. For the case of SG iron, recent work by Domeij et al 7 indicates that microporosity becomes visible at about 0.8 to 0.85 fraction solid.…”

Microstructure of Compacted Graphite Iron Near Critical Shrinkage Areas in Cylinder Blocks

“…It is possible to understand the effect of nodularity on shrinkage by a change in the solidification mechanism, as reported by Domeij. 6,7 He observed that graphite from the CGI eutectic cells lose contact with the remaining liquid as the solidification change to ductile iron solidification, in the later stages of solidification. The loss of contact of CGI graphite with the liquid explains the loss of positive pressure and the shrinkage formation.…”