Solubility and Density Isotherms

Thompson, A. Ralph; Vener, Raymond E.

doi:10.1021/ie50459a028

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…49 On the other hand, the systems AN/ethanol/water and AN/2-propanol/water separate into two liquid phases at temperatures above 65.7°C and at room temperature, respectively. 50,51 This behavior is in good correspondence with the one of the AN/1,2-hexanediol/ water and AN/1,4-butanediol/water systems investigated in this study. One possible explanation for this combination of saltingin and salting-out properties is that AN forms contact ion pairs in anhydrous solutions whereas it completely dissociates into NH 4 + and NO 3 -in rather dilute aqueous media.…”

Section: Solubilities and Deliquescence Relative Humidities Ofsupporting

confidence: 85%

Phase Changes during Hygroscopic Cycles of Mixed Organic/Inorganic Model Systems of Tropospheric Aerosols

2006

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A correct description of the aerosol's phases is required to determine its gas/particle partitioning, its reactivity and its water uptake and release. In this study, we investigate organic/electrolyte interactions of ammonium sulfate, nitrate and sodium chloride with substances containing carboxylic acids (COOH) and hydroxyl (OH) functional groups. As organic model compounds, we chose polyols with different OH/CHn (n = 0-3) ratios-namely, glycerol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,2-hexanediol-as well as PEG 400 and a mixture of dicarboxylic acids consisting of malic, malonic, maleic, glutaric, and methylsuccinic acid. Bulk solubility and water activity measurements of these model systems together with a survey of literature data showed that NaCl is a salting-out agent for alcohols and organic acids whereas ammonium nitrate and sulfate exhibited salting-in and salting-out tendencies depending on the nature and number of functional groups as well as on the concentration of the solution. All investigated salts induce a liquid-liquid phase separation in the 1,2-hexanediol/water system. Considering the composition of the tropospheric aerosol, such phase separations might indeed occur frequently when particles in the atmosphere are exposed to varying relative humidity. To complement the bulk experiments, we investigated single particles consisting of ammonium sulfate and dicarboxylic acids as well as of ammonium sulfate and PEG 400 in an electrodynamic balance. Whereas the relative humidities of total deliquescence as well as the water uptake and release of the fully deliquesced particles are in good agreement with the bulk results and represent thermodynamic equilibrium, the water uptake before full deliquescence shows significant deviations. These deviations may be caused by morphological effects.

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