No abstract

Solubilities and saturated solution densities are reported at intervals of 5°from 25°to 100°C. for sodium sulfate in aqueous ethylene glycol solutions.

per square foot. At low flow rates, the 0.25-inch saddles resulted in about 10% higher nicotine extraction than 0.5-inch saddles, but at higher flow rates, extraction was practically the same with either size. Extraction was essentially constant over the range of 0.1 to 0.5% nicotine in water as the feed stock.Extraction was increased about twofold by tripling the ratio of kerosene to water. When high flow rates were used, extraction was increased about 16% by dispersing the kerosene rather than the water; at low flow rates, however, extraction was the same with either phase dispersed.The extraction capacity coefficient at 63 °C., based either on the water or kerosene phase, increased with increasing flow rates, but the coefficient based on the water phase was 3.5 times that based on the kerosene side-that is, kerosene offered the major resistance in this system. The coefficient based on the water phase increased uniformly with temperature, increasing sevenfold over the temperature range 21 °to 84°C ., whereas the coefficient based on the kerosene side remained constant over this temperature range.The height of the transfer unit varied with temperature, flow rate, and other operating conditions but covered the range of I. 1 to 6.9 feet when based on the water side, and from 2.8 to II. 4 feet when based on the kerosene side. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThanks are due C. 0. Willits and associates of this laboratory for analytical work, and W. Lamb, E. H. Harwood, and C. Sprinkle of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company of Winston-Salem, N. C., for their generous cooperation in supplying information relative to the industrial extraction of nicotine from tobacco.

A LARGE variety of techniques and types of equipment have been proposed to cope with the problem of sodium sulfate crystallization.Many of them have been utilized on a commercial scale. Reviews of the various methods have been published by Cole (1), Kobe and Anderson (0).

A study of crystallization of inorganic salts by means of organic precipitants has been continued. Experimental solubility and density data are necessary to permit technical and economic consideration of such a process. Solubilities and saturated solution densities are reported at intervals of 5°, from 25°to 75°C ., for potassium and ammonium nitrates in aqueous ethanol solutions. Only one