Solubility Behaviour of Whole Human Enamel

Driessens, F. C. M.; Theuns, H.M.; Borggreven, J.M.P.M.; Dijk, J.W.E. van

doi:10.1159/000260928

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…7 Thus, the first null hypothesis was rejected. Teeth exposed to a pH < 5.5 for enamel and dentin for 6.0 for an extended period of time can lead to demineralization 21 and erosion of enamel. 22 The cola soft drink (pH 2.60) and red wine (pH 3.60) used in this study are highly acidic solutions compared to artificial saliva (pH 7.09) and melted chocolate (pH 6.24), showing that the low pH of those solutions may have had a major effect on the structure of the teeth bleached.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 The pH of the bleaching agent used in this study was 6.07, slightly lower than the value desired; consequently, this product could cause demineralization of the tooth substrate. 21 However, it is noteworthy that the dissociation of carbamide peroxide resulted in ammonia and carbon dioxide, 25 raising the pH of the bleaching agent over a period of 15 min and making the oral cavity a more basic environment. 26 In addition, clinically, the urea secreted by the parotid gland could help to increase the salivary flow, making the oral cavity even more basic, preventing the enamel demineralization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineral loss and color change of enamel after bleaching and staining solutions combination

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Pigments of food and beverages could affect dental bleaching efficacy. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate color change and mineral loss of tooth enamel as well as the influence of staining solutions normally used by adolescent patients undergoing home bleaching. Initial hardness and baseline color were measured on enamel blocks. Specimens were divided into five groups (n ¼ 5): G1 (control) specimens were kept in artificial saliva throughout the experiment (3 weeks); G2 enamel was exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide for 6 h daily, and after this period, the teeth were cleaned and stored in artificial saliva until the next bleaching session; and G3, G4, and G5 received the same treatments as G2, but after bleaching, they were stored for 1 h in cola soft drink, melted chocolate, or red wine, respectively. Mineral loss was obtained by the percentage of hardness reduction, and color change was determined by the difference between the data obtained before and after treatments. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Fisher's test (α ¼ 0.05). G3 and G5 showed higher mineral loss (92.96 AE 5.50 and 94.46 AE 1.00, respectively) compared to the other groups (p ≤ 0.05). G5 showed high-color change (9.34 AE 2.90), whereas G1 presented lower color change (2.22 AE 0.44) (p ≤ 0.05). Acidic drinks cause mineral loss of the enamel, which could modify the surface and reduce staining resistance after bleaching.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral loss and color change of enamel after bleaching and staining solutions combination

et al. 2013

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“…When enamel is treated with solutions with a lower pH than the critical pH of enamel (pH 5.5), the enamelmaydissolveduetoacidity 22,23) .Somereports have found that calcium was dissolved from human enamel treated with commercial bleaching agents with a pH of 4.7-5.3 containing 10% carbamide peroxide 24,25) . In addition, in enamel treated with hydrogen peroxide, a groove was observed which appeared to be an eroded enamel rod sheath, suggesting that peroxide affects the organic constituentsofenamel 21,26,27) .…”

Section: Surface Morphology and Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of peroxide treatment on bovine enamel surface-Cross-sectional analysis-

et al. 2009

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Carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide are used as the main agents in vital tooth bleaching. In this study, the influence ofperoxidetreatmentoncross-sectionalmorphologyandmechanicalpropertywasinvestigated.A3×5-mmwindowofenamel onthelabialsurfaceofabovinetoothwasexposedtoimmersionin10%or30%carbamideperoxideorhydrogenperoxidefor 30or180min.Afterimmersion,thecross-sectionalstructureofeachspecimenwasexaminedbynanoindentationandSEM. Nanohardnessintheenamelshowedadecreaseat2µmbelowthesurface,butnoneat50µm.Highconcentrationsofperoxide causederosiontoadepthof5μmbelowthesurface.Inconclusion,decreaseinnanohardnessandchangeinmorphologywere limitedtoanarealessthan50µmbelowthesurface,regardlessofeitherconcentrationofperoxideorperiodofimmersion.

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“…16 Some studies have reported that bleaching teeth with 10% CP does not effect the surface hardness of enamel. 2,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, this study showed a reduction in enamel microhardness for all bleaching gels. This finding is in agreement with other studies.…”

Section: Bucalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of New Formulas of Bleaching Gel and Fluoride Application on Enamel Microhardness: An In Vitro Study

Costa

Mazur

2007

Operative Dentistry

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©Operative Dentistry, 2007, 32-6, 589-594 JB da Costa • RF Mazur Clinical RelevanceThe results of this study suggest that tooth bleaching may lead to a reduction in enamel microhardness. Nonetheless, the application of a high concentration fluoride post-bleaching treatment may increase enamel microhardness and may restore enamel hardness to a level similar to non-bleached enamel, if the bleaching formula contains fluoride, potassium or ACP. SUMMARYThis in vitro study evaluated the new formulas of bleaching products and the effect of subsequent applications of fluoride on the hardness of enamel during and after tooth bleaching. The crowns of 60 extracted intact human molars were sectioned longitudinally; the buccal part was embedded in acrylic resin, the occlusal part was ground flat, exposing enamel and dentin, and then polished. Baseline Knoop microhardness (KHN) of enamel was determined. The specimens were then randomly divided into six groups of 10 specimens, and each group was assigned to a specific 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agent. A: Opalescence, B: Opalescence PF (3% potassium nitrate and 0.11% fluoride), C: Nite White Excel 3 (ACP), D: Opalescence + F (acidulated phosphate fluoride 1.23%), E: Opalescence PF + F, F: Nite White Excel 3 + F. The teeth were bleached for eight hours; after each procedure, the specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C. Immediately after day 21 of bleaching, the specimens in groups D, E and F received fluoride 1.23% for five minutes. KHN tests were performed before (baseline=control), during (14, 21) and two weeks (35 days) after the bleaching procedure and were statistically compared using ANOVA/Tukey's t-test (α<0.05). The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference among the bleaching materials (p=0.123). A significant enamel KHN reduction (p<0.001) was observed for all bleaching materials, with no difference among them. Two weeks after bleaching, all the groups that received fluoride showed a significant increase in microhardness. For the new bleaching formulas, the enamel was restored to a value similar to baseline.

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Solubility Behaviour of Whole Human Enamel

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Mineral loss and color change of enamel after bleaching and staining solutions combination

Mineral loss and color change of enamel after bleaching and staining solutions combination

Influence of peroxide treatment on bovine enamel surface-Cross-sectional analysis-

Effects of New Formulas of Bleaching Gel and Fluoride Application on Enamel Microhardness: An In Vitro Study

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