Solubility of hot fuel particles from Chernobyl—Influencing parameters for individual radiation dose calculations

Wildfires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone—Risks and consequences

“…It should be noted that the estimate in Table 3 assumes lung clearance rates as used in IAEA (2014) and, thus, does not account for the potential long-term retention of one or more hot particles in the lung. A study by Garger et al (2013) evaluated dose rates to the lung from a 20-µm (diameter) Chornobyl hot particle, finding lower dose conversion coefficients than those assumed here due to relatively low solubility. Garger et al, however, used a model which assumed a relatively rapid clearance rate of hot particles from the lung.…”

Simulated biological fluids – a systematic review of their biological relevance and use in relation to inhalation toxicology of particles and fibres

“…Conversely, a study of the biodurability of talc found the composition of the fluid to have no effect on the dissolution rate, reporting similar dissolution rates in Gamble's solution and a phosphate buffered saline solution, both at pH 7.4 (Jurinski and Rimstidt 2001). Likewise, when Garger et al (2004Garger et al ( , 2013 compared the dissolution of airborne radioactive fuel particles in original Gamble's solution with a modified version (containing an increased salt content and reduced citrate content) they found 137 Cs and 90 Sr to have no dependence on the type of simulant. However, 239 þ 240 Pu dissolved significantly faster in Gamble's than the modified version (pH 8.2), indicating the effects to be material specific.…”

“…One of these was a modification of Gamble's known as serum ultrafiltrate (SUF) and the other being Ringer's solution, which contains a far simpler salt formulation and practically no complexation agents. When comparing the two radionuclide studies, Pu in fuel particles dissolved slowly into Gamble's solution compared to Pu oxide into Ringer's solution, and even more into SUF (Garger et al 2013).…”

Take a Swipe at Actinide Bioavailability: Application of a New In Vitro Method

“…The assessment of the amount and physicochemical nature of radioactive contaminants has been carried out for many years using filters obtained from air monitoring devices and swipe tests. These are integral to radiation protection routine monitoring, assessment of accidental conditions, and nuclear forensics ( Lee et al 1982 ; Harrison et al 1993 ; Cheng et al 2004 ; Aladova et al 2007 ; Garger et al 2013 ; Bellucci et al 2013 ). Swipe tests can offer important information in the initial emergency phase, after inadvertent release of radioactive elements from industrial or military sources or resulting from detonation of a radioactive dispersal device (RDD) or an improvised nuclear device (IND).…”