Solubility of Nitrous Acid (HONO) in Sulfuric Acid Solutions

Becker, K. H.; Kleffmann, Jörg; Kurtenbach, and Ralf; Wiesen, Peter

doi:10.1021/jp961140r

Cited by 82 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The solubility of HNO 2 in water has been directly measured by Park and Lee (1988). Their data are also in line with the extrapolated solubility from those by Becker et al (1996), who measured the solubility as a function of sulphuric acid composition (0.3 wt % and above). The preferred expression is consistent with that presented in data sheet VI.A4.7 for 0 wt % H 2 SO 4 and agrees well with the temperature dependence measured by Park and Lee.…”

Section: Comments On Preferred Valuessupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The available studies determining the effective solubility of HNO 2 directly by Becker et al (1996), Longfellow et al (1998) and Baker et al (1999) agree very well as far as they overlap in composition and temperature. We recommend using an expression based on a parameterisation proposed by Becker et al (1996):…”

Section: Comments On Preferred Valuesmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Above about 55 wt %, solubility of HNO 2 increases strongly due to the formation of either of NO + , H 2 ONO + , NO + HSO − 4 , or a combination thereof (Burley and Johnston, 1992, and references therein;Riordan et al, 2005). The available studies determining the effective solubility of HNO 2 directly by Becker et al (1996), Longfellow et al (1998) and Baker et al (1999) agree very well as far as they overlap in composition and temperature. We recommend using an expression based on a parameterisation proposed by Becker et al (1996):…”

Section: Comments On Preferred Valuesmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume VI – heterogeneous reactions with liquid substrates

et al. 2013

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Abstract. This article, the sixth in the ACP journal series, presents data evaluated by the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation. It covers the heterogeneous processes involving liquid particles present in the atmosphere with an emphasis on those relevant for the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere and the marine boundary layer, for which uptake coefficients and adsorption parameters have been presented on the IUPAC website since 2009. The article consists of an introduction and guide to the evaluation, giving a unifying framework for parameterisation of atmospheric heterogeneous processes. We provide summary sheets containing the recommended uptake parameters for the evaluated processes. The experimental data on which the recommendations are based are provided in data sheets in separate appendices for the four surfaces considered: liquid water, deliquesced halide salts, other aqueous electrolytes and sulfuric acid.

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Section: Comments On Preferred Valuessupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Comments On Preferred Valuesmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Comments On Preferred Valuesmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume VI – heterogeneous reactions with liquid substrates

et al. 2013

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“…Due to its lack of solubility in water, loss of 222 Rn from the atmosphere is solely by radioactive decay (through a number of shortlived daughters) to 210 Pb with a half-life of 3.8 days. Lelieveld and Crutzen (1991); (5) Hanson et al (1992); (6) O'Sullivan et al (1996); (7) Staudinger and Roberts (2001); and (8) Becker et al (1996). Two additional tracers were included in the HadGEM2-UKCA coupled simulation.…”

Section: Convective Transport and Boundary Layer Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the new UKCA climate-composition model – Part 2: The Troposphere

et al. 2014

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Abstract. In this paper, we present a description of the tropospheric chemistry component of the UK Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) model which has been coupled to the Met Office Hadley Centre's HadGEM family of climate models. We assess the model's transport and scavenging processes, in particular focussing on convective transport, boundary layer mixing, wet scavenging and inter-hemispheric exchange. Simulations with UKCA of the short-lived radon tracer suggest that modelled distributions are comparable to those of other models and the comparison with observations indicate that apart from a few locations, boundary layer mixing and convective transport are effective in the model as a means of vertically redistributing surface emissions of radon. Comparisons of modelled lead tracer concentrations with observations suggest that UKCA captures surface concentrations in both hemispheres very well, although there is a tendency to underestimate the observed geographical and interannual variability in the Northern Hemisphere. In particular, UKCA replicates the shape and absolute concentrations of observed lead profiles, a key test in the evaluation of a model's wet scavenging scheme. The timescale for inter-hemispheric transport, calculated in the model using a simple krypton tracer experiment, does appear to be long relative to other models and could indicate deficiencies in tropical deep convection and/or insufficient boundary layer mixing. We also describe the main components of the tropospheric chemistry and evaluate it against observations and other tropospheric chemistry models. In particular, from a climate forcing perspective, present-day observed surface methane concentrations and tropospheric ozone concentrations are reproduced very well by the model, thereby making it suitable for long centennial integrations as well as studies of biogeochemical feedbacks. Results from both historical and future simulations with UKCA tropospheric chemistry are presented. Future projections of tropospheric ozone vary with the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP). In RCP2.6, for example, tropospheric ozone increases up to 2010 and then declines by 13 % of its year-2000 global mean by the end of the century. In RCP8.5, tropospheric ozone continues to rise steadily throughout the 21st century, with methane being the main driving factor. Finally, we highlight aspects of the UKCA model which are undergoing and/or have undergone recent developments and are suitable for inclusion in a next-generation Earth System Model.

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“…But Saastad et al [1993] showed that the heterogeneous HONO formation mechanisms proposed by Burley and Johnston [1992], involving NO and NO2, were not efficient. Also, laboratory studies have shown that HONO, while soluble, will not be present in stratospheric aerosols at the concentrations necessary for NSA N20 precipitation [Becker et al, 1996;Longfellow et al, 1998]. CH4 Therefore, NSA formation has generally been discounted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microphysics and chemistry of sulphate aerosols at warm stratospheric temperatures

Drdla¹,

Pueschel²,

Strawa³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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conditions, improving agreement with measurements. Furthermore, the production of HONO can either enhance gas-phase OH concentrations or promote secondary liquid reactions, including HONO+HNO 3 and HONO+HC1. Primary uncertainties include the uptake coefficient of CH20 relevant to reaction with HNO 3, the amount of HONO available for secondary reaction, and the relative rates of HONO reaction with HNO 3 and HC1. The fate of the formic acid product, whose presence in the stratosphere may be an indicator for the CH20 reaction, and the impact on the stratospheric hydrogen budget are also discussed.

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Solubility of Nitrous Acid (HONO) in Sulfuric Acid Solutions

Cited by 82 publications

References 26 publications

Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume VI – heterogeneous reactions with liquid substrates

Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume VI – heterogeneous reactions with liquid substrates

Evaluation of the new UKCA climate-composition model – Part 2: The Troposphere

Microphysics and chemistry of sulphate aerosols at warm stratospheric temperatures

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