Solution−Liquid−Solid (SLS) Growth of Silicon Nanowires

Heitsch, Andrew T.; Fanfair, Dayne; Tuan, Hsing‐Yu; Korgel, Brian A.

doi:10.1021/ja8011353

Cited by 186 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…13 Previous high boiling solvent based methods have 65 all focussed on liquid phase growth. 14,15 Vapor phase growth in high boiling point solvents has been overlooked despite the fact that it represents an attractive, simple alternative to established techniques. Herein, we describe a simple method for catalyst-free Ge NWs growth via the thermal 70 decomposition of an organometallic precursor in the vapor reflux of the high boiling point solvent, squalene.…”

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confidence: 99%

Perpendicular growth of catalyst-free germanium nanowire arrays

et al. 2011

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5High yields of single-crystalline Ge nanowires (NWs) were synthesized through the thermal decomposition of diphenylgermane (DPG) in the vapor phase of a high boiling point organic solvent. The NWs were single crystal and ranged from 7 to 15 nm and 0.5-10 µm in diameter and length 10 respectively. Catalyst-free growth only occured in areas exposed to the organic vapor, with no growth occurring in the liquid phase. NW growth was fully localizable to surfaces heated within a critical nucleation temperature range. High density, perpendicular arrays of Ge NWs were subsequently grown from 15 ITO coated substrates. This approach represents a viable and convenient route toward orientated arrays of catalyst-free Ge NWs for high-performance device applications.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perpendicular growth of catalyst-free germanium nanowire arrays

et al. 2011

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“…Another very attractive approach for the production of nanowires has been reported by Heitsch's team (Figure 7a to 7d). 102 They demonstrated the Au-and…”

Section: Liquid Silicon Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, some solution-based analogues of the VLS method have been developed using the supercritical fluidliquid-solid (SFLS) growth technique. [100][101][102][103] Some liquid silicon sources have been successfully employed in this SFLS method for the preparation of carbon-coated silicon nanowires, such as trisilane, 102 phenylsilane, 98 monophenylsilane, 104 and diphenylsilane. 100 For instance, Korgel's group 100 used diphenylsilane [SiH2(C6H5)2] as the silicon precursor, which was mixed with hexane and sterically stabilized gold nanoparticles at pressures of 200-270 bar at 500 °C within a reaction vessel.…”

Section: Liquid Silicon Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Si-containing precursors for Si-based anode materials of Li-ion batteries: A review

Zhang

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2016

Energy Storage Materials

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Lithium-ion batteries with high energy density are in demand for consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale stationary energy storage. Si is one of the most promising anode materials due to its extremely high specific capacity. However, the full application of Si-based anode materials is limited by poor cycle life and rate capability resulted from low ionic/electronic conductivity and large volume change over cycling. In recent years, great progress has been made in improving the performance of Si anodes by employing nanotechnology. The preparation methods are essentially important, in which the precursors used are crucial to design and control the microstructure for the Si-based materials. In this review, we provide comprehensive summary and comment on different Si-containing precursors for preparation of nanosized Si-based anode materials and focus on the corresponding electrochemical performances in lithium-ion batteries. Bulk sized silicon, silicon wafer and silicon microparticles are generally used as starting materials to synthesize porous or nanosized silicon, and the routes for the synthesis are rather mature and commercially available. Silica is also commonly used to form silicon by conversion through a facile magnesiothermic reduction. Silica derivation from natural resources, especially from rice husks, is much more sustainable and lower cost than alternative methods, which attracts considerable research attention. In addition, gaseous Si-based sources like SiH4, Si2H6 and SiHxCly, liquid silicon sources like trisilane and phenylsilane and elemental silicon have successfully used to prepare nanosized or carbon-coated silicon. Further considerations on massive production possibility have also been presented. Si-Containing Precursors for Si-Based Anode Materials of Li-Ion Batteries AbstractLithium-ion batteries with high energy density and large power output are in demand for consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale stationary energy storage. Silicon is one of the most promising anode materials because it has 10 times higher specific capacity than that of the commercial graphitic carbon anode. Unfortunately, the practical utilization of silicon-based anode materials is still hindered by its low electronic conductivity and high capacity fading rate due to the large volume changes upon insertion and extraction of Li ions during cycling. Introducing porous structure, along with decreasing the dimension of Si-based materials to nanosize, is an effective way to address these problems. During the past decade, tremendous attention has been paid to improve Si anodes so as to give them better electrochemical performance. In this review, we focus the Si-containing precursors for preparation of Si-based anode materials.3

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“…The saturation process is controlled by the applied heat and pressure. Due to the participation of supercritical of liquid, the fabricated silicon nanowires are coated with a thin chemisorbed polyphenylsilane shell [51,[97][98][99]. A large yield of detect-free microscale silicon nanowires was obtained with uniform diameter distribution [96].…”

Section: Solution Based Synthesis Of Silicon Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlikely, the liquid phase silicon precursor and gold nanocrystal dissolved supercritical liquid system is able to deliver a high-yield and defect-free silicon nanowire production in high pressure and temperature. Inspired by this work, the solution-liquid-solid method (SLS) was proposed later [51]. In 2008, Heitsch et al employed organic solvent instead of supercritical liquid to fabricate high-yield microscale silicon nanowires with diameters of ∼25 nm in the presence of Au or Bi nanocrystals under atmospheric pressure ( Figure 9) [51].…”

Section: Solution Based Synthesis Of Silicon Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Synthesis and Application of Low-Dimensional Silicon Based Anode Material for Lithium Ion Battery

Sun

Liu

Zhu

2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Silicon is regarded as the next generation anode material for LIBs with its ultra-high theoretical capacity and abundance. Nevertheless, the severe capacity degradation resulting from the huge volume change and accumulative solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation hinders the silicon based anode material for further practical applications. Hence, a variety of methods have been applied to enhance electrochemical performances in terms of the electrochemical stability and rate performance of the silicon anodes such as designing nanostructured Si, combining with carbonaceous material, exploring multifunctional polymer binders, and developing artificial SEI layers. Silicon anodes with low-dimensional structures (0D, 1D, and 2D), compared with bulky silicon anodes, are strongly believed to have several advanced characteristics including larger surface area, fast electron transfer, and shortened lithium diffusion pathway as well as better accommodation with volume changes, which leads to improved electrochemical behaviors. In this review, recent progress of silicon anode synthesis methodologies generating low-dimensional structures for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) applications is listed and discussed.

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Solution−Liquid−Solid (SLS) Growth of Silicon Nanowires

Cited by 186 publications

References 22 publications

Perpendicular growth of catalyst-free germanium nanowire arrays

Perpendicular growth of catalyst-free germanium nanowire arrays

Si-containing precursors for Si-based anode materials of Li-ion batteries: A review

Recent Progress in Synthesis and Application of Low-Dimensional Silicon Based Anode Material for Lithium Ion Battery

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