“…This paper summarizes briefly a research programme, comprised of five elements: (i) standard deviation analysis and diffusion entropy analysis of solar neutrino data [1,2]; (ii) Mathai's entropic pathway model [3,4]; (iii) fractional reaction and extended thermonuclear functions [5,6]; (iv) fractional reaction and diffusion [7,8]; and (v) fractional reaction-diffusion [9][10][11][12]. Boltzmann translated Clausius' second law of thermodynamics "The entropy of the Universe tends to a maximum" into a crucial quantity that links equilibrium and non-equilibrium (time dependent) properties of physical systems and related entropy to probability, S = k log W, which, later, Einstein called Boltzmann's principle [13].…”