Solution-processed metal-oxide based hole transport layers for organic and perovskite solar cell: A review

Patel, Vishwas D.; Gupta, Dhritiman

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103664

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…In summary, although organic HTLs displayed superior hole mobility, the inherent instability under high-temperature and humid conditions remarkably limited further applications in PSCs. Consequently, it is essential to seek intrinsic durable alternative HTLs (e.g., inorganic materials) to achieve high-efficiency and durable PSCs [ 104 , 105 , 106 ].…”

Section: Current Research Status Of Htls In Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Nanostructured Inorganic Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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Organic−inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received particular attention in the last decade because of the high−power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), facile fabrication route and low cost. However, one of the most crucial obstacles to hindering the commercialization of PSCs is the instability issue, which is mainly caused by the inferior quality of the perovskite films and the poor tolerance of organic hole−transporting layer (HTL) against heat and moisture. Inorganic HTL materials are regarded as promising alternatives to replace organic counterparts for stable PSCs due to the high chemical stability, wide band gap, high light transmittance and low cost. In particular, nanostructure construction is reported to be an effective strategy to boost the hole transfer capability of inorganic HTLs and then enhance the PCEs of PSCs. Herein, the recent advances in the design and fabrication of nanostructured inorganic materials as HTLs for PSCs are reviewed by highlighting the superiority of nanostructured inorganic HTLs over organic counterparts in terms of moisture and heat tolerance, hole transfer capability and light transmittance. Furthermore, several strategies to boost the performance of inorganic HTLs are proposed, including fabrication route design, functional/selectively doping, morphology control, nanocomposite construction, etc. Finally, the challenges and future research directions about nanostructured inorganic HTL−based PSCs are provided and discussed. This review presents helpful guidelines for the design and fabrication of high−efficiency and durable inorganic HTL−based PSCs.

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Section: Current Research Status Of Htls In Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Nanostructured Inorganic Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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“…Metal oxides mainly act as a layer that conducts charge carriers in casterite, perovskite and organic solar cells [26]. Because the electron affinity, the mobility of charge carriers, band gap, the type of electrical conductivity of metal oxides is used as electron transport (ETL) [27] or hole transport layer (HTL) [28]. Metal oxides can be n-type or p-type conductivity during synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of n-ZnO/p-Si and n-TiO₂/p-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells: TCAD + DFT

et al. 2023

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This paper focuses on exploring new materials and structure as a means to increase the efficiency of solar cells. Since silicon is widespread on earth, it is desirable to study heterojunction solar cells made mainly of silicon and new materials. Therefore, ZnO/Si and TiO2/Si heterojunction solar cells were studied in this paper. First, the electrical and optical properties of ZnO and TiO2 were determined using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE), PBE functional revised for solids (PBESol) and Perdew-Wang (PW91) functionals of the Generalized gradient approximation (GGA) in Density Functional Theory (DFT). The obtained results in various functionals are assessed and analyzed. It was found that geometric optimized structures of TiO2 and ZnO is mechanical stable. Accordingly, in all functionals, the effective mass of the electron in ZnO and TiO2 proved to be smaller than that of the hole. The mobility of electrons and holes in ZnO was calculated to be 430.72 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and 5.25 cm 2 V -1 s -1 respectively. In TiO2, it was 355.27 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and 46.38 cm 2 V -1 s -1 . When PW91, PBESol, PBE functionals were used, the dielectric constant was determined to be 11, 11.5, 8.5 for ZnO and 9.5, 10, 9 for TiO2, respectively. According to the DFT results, it was determined that ZnO and TiO2 are transparent and mainly n-type direct semiconductors. According to device simulation, the maximum short-circuit current of ZnO/Si and TiO2/Si heterojunction solar cells is 18 mA/cm 2 at a thickness of 80 nm and 15.3 mA/cm 2 at a thickness of 40 nm. Finally, the average fill factor of ZnO/Si and TiO2/Si solar cells was 0.73 and 0.76 respectively. So TiO2 can be used as a transparent contact and ZnO as an emitter layer in a silicon-based solar cell.

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“…These metal oxides are typically fabricated through sputtering; due to the high energy and vacuum requirement, this is not seen as a viable path forward for large-scale sustainable commercialization. As such, the development of alternative solution-based routes to metal-oxide thin films has been a prioritized area of research . However, many of these require either elevated temperatureoften incompatible with indium tin oxide (ITO) substratesor require chemical modification of the starting reagent .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, the development of alternative solution-based routes to metal-oxide thin films has been a prioritized area of research. 6 However, many of these require either elevated temperature�often incompatible with indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates 7 �or require chemical modification of the starting reagent. 8 A technique that would use a readily available starting reagent and forego any predeposition workup and/or postdeposition thermal treatment would therefore be an attractive prospect.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-Temperature Photodeposited Amorphous VO_x Hole-Transport Layers for Organic Devices

et al. 2023

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Hole-transport layers (HTLs) and hole-injection layers (HIL) are an integral part of optoelectronic devices such as organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). A class of materials commonly used as HTLs are metal oxides because they have high transparency and stability. These metal oxides are, however, often made using techniques that are not conducive to large-scale fabrication, a challenge that must be resolved for the widespread adoption of these devices. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a room-temperature, ambient photochemical deposition route to form vanadium oxide films. We show, using a combination of X-ray absorption and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies, that the VO x film consists of V 2 O 5 but with a significant amount of V 4+ present. These films are initially created amorphous and become nanocrystalline after annealing in air at a temperature of 250 °C. After incorporating these VO x thin films as HTLs in both OPV and OLED devices, we surprisingly find this increase in crystallinity does not translate to improvement in device performance. All devices perform similarly to�or better than�control devices using PEDOT:PSS as an HTL. We furthermore demonstrate that these films are not affected by the operation of these devices and that the technique can be employed in combination with slot-die coating printing techniques. This work provides an easily upscaled, low-temperature method for depositing metal-oxide HTL layers.

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Solution-processed metal-oxide based hole transport layers for organic and perovskite solar cell: A review

Cited by 20 publications

References 199 publications

Recent Advances in Nanostructured Inorganic Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

Recent Advances in Nanostructured Inorganic Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

Investigation of n-ZnO/p-Si and n-TiO₂/p-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells: TCAD + DFT

Room-Temperature Photodeposited Amorphous VO_x Hole-Transport Layers for Organic Devices

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Solution-processed metal-oxide based hole transport layers for organic and perovskite solar cell: A review

Cited by 20 publications

References 199 publications

Recent Advances in Nanostructured Inorganic Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

Recent Advances in Nanostructured Inorganic Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

Investigation of n-ZnO/p-Si and n-TiO2/p-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells: TCAD + DFT

Room-Temperature Photodeposited Amorphous VOx Hole-Transport Layers for Organic Devices

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Product

Resources

About

Investigation of n-ZnO/p-Si and n-TiO₂/p-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells: TCAD + DFT

Room-Temperature Photodeposited Amorphous VO_x Hole-Transport Layers for Organic Devices