Solution Separation-Based FD to Mitigate the Effects of Local Threats on PPP Integrity

Blanch, Juan; Walter, Todd; Norman, Laura; Gunning, Kazuma; Groot, Lance de

doi:10.1109/plans46316.2020.9109953

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Since the carrier phases contain integer ambiguities, PPP uses the observations at many epochs to estimate the position. This will increase the faults that need to be monitored because the faults in previous epochs may also result in integrity risks at the current epoch (Blanch et al, 2020). In the current research, some authors assumed that all the faults at previous epochs were perfectly removed (El-Mowafy & Kubo, 2020;Wang et al, 2020); however, it is still an inevitable risk in real applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Integrity monitoring scheme for single-epoch GNSS PPP-RTK positioning

Zhang

Wang

2023

Satell Navig

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Integrity monitoring for precise point positioning is critical for safety-related applications. With the increasing demands of high-accuracy autonomous navigation for unmanned ground and aerial vehicles, the integrity monitoring method of high-precision positioning has become an essential requirement. While high precision Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning is widely used in such applications, there are still many difficulties in the integrity monitoring method for the multi-frequency multi-GNSS undifferenced and uncombined Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The main difficulties are caused by using the measurements of multiple epochs in PPP. Based on the baseline Multiple Hypothesis Solution Separation (MHSS) Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) algorithm, this paper discusses the feasibility of the pseudorange-based baseline ARAIM method on the single-epoch PPP based on Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) networks (PPP-RTK) framework to overcome these difficulties. In addition, a new scheme is proposed to transfer the conventional PPP process into the single-epoch PPP-RTK framework. The simulation results using the proposed model are analyzed in this study. The Protection Levels (PLs) estimated by PPP Wide-lane Ambiguity Resolution (PPP-WAR) model with regional corrections can reach the meter level and the PLs estimated by PPP Ambiguity Resolution (PPP-AR) and PPP-RTK models are usually the sub-meter level. Given a horizontal Alert Limit (AL) of 1.5 m, the global coverage of availability above 99.9% for PPP-WAR, PPP-AR, and PPP-RTK can reach 92.6%, 99.4%, and 99.7% respectively. The results using real kinematic data also show that tight PLs can be achieved when the observation conditions are good.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Integrity monitoring scheme for single-epoch GNSS PPP-RTK positioning

Zhang

Wang

2023

Satell Navig

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“…Although some studies have carried out user-level integrity analysis based on augmentation messages [52,[122][123][124][125][126][127], further research still needs to be carried out in order to obtain acceptable models and methods [50].…”

Section: Integrity Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

GNSS High-Precision Augmentation for Autonomous Vehicles: Requirements, Solution, and Technical Challenges

et al. 2023

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Autonomous driving is becoming a pivotal technology that can realize intelligent transportation and revolutionize the future of mobility. Various types of sensors, including perception sensors and localization sensors, are essential for high-level autonomous and intelligent vehicles (AIV). In this paper, the characteristics of different sensors are compared, and the application characteristics and requirements of AIV are analyzed in depth. These analyses indicate that: GNSS, as the unique localization sensor that can obtain an absolute position, can not only provide all-weather position and time information for internal multi-sensor fusion but also act as a standard spatiotemporal reference for all autonomous systems; Furthermore, AIVs aim to provide safety for a mass user base ranging from tens to hundreds of millions; for this, AIVs require a global wide-area and instantaneous precise positioning service with location privacy protection. Based on a “geometry-bound” description of road grade and vehicle size, it has been found that GNSS requirements in autonomous vehicles include decimeter-level positioning with the assurance of high integrity. Combined with high-integrity GNSS implementation in the civil aviation field, GNSS different technology routes, and commercial solutions, a state space representation (SSR)-based GNSS high-precision augmentation positioning solution for AIV is summarized and introduced. The solution can achieve instantaneous, precise positioning with high integrity in a wide area by utilizing passive positioning mode with location privacy protection. In addition, the research progress on key technologies in the solution and existing challenges is investigated in detail by reviewing a series of publications.

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“…More importantly, the nominal error model and threat model are very preliminary for complex urban environments. To provide PLs for PPP in challenging environments, Blanch et al (2020) refined the threat model and accordingly adapted the FDE algorithm, considering the effect of Kalman filtering time updates, to address potential faults in urban and suburban areas.…”

Section: Integrity Monitoring For Pppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerabilities and integrity of precise point positioning for intelligent transport systems: overview and analysis

Wang

Rizos

et al. 2021

Satell Navig

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The implementation of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) technology is expected to significantly improve road safety and traffic efficiency. One of the key components of ITS is precise vehicle positioning. Positioning with decimetre to sub-metre accuracy is a fundamental capability for self-driving, and other automated applications. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is an attractive positioning approach for ITS due to its relatively low-cost and flexibility. However, GNSS PPP is vulnerable to several effects, especially those caused by the challenging urban environments, where the ITS technology is most likely needed. To meet the high integrity requirements of ITS applications, it is necessary to carefully analyse potential faults and failures of PPP and to study relevant integrity monitoring methods. In this paper an overview of vulnerabilities of GNSS PPP is presented to identify the faults that need to be monitored when developing PPP integrity monitoring methods. These vulnerabilities are categorised into different groups according to their impact and error sources to assist integrity fault analysis, which is demonstrated with Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) methods. The main vulnerabilities are discussed in detail, along with their causes, characteristics, impact on users, and related mitigation methods. In addition, research on integrity monitoring methods used for accounting for the threats and faults in PPP for ITS applications is briefly reviewed. Both system-level (network-end) and user-level (user-end) integrity monitoring approaches for PPP are briefly discussed, focusing on their development and the challenges in urban scenarios. Some open issues, on which further efforts should focus, are also identified.

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Solution Separation-Based FD to Mitigate the Effects of Local Threats on PPP Integrity

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Integrity monitoring scheme for single-epoch GNSS PPP-RTK positioning

Integrity monitoring scheme for single-epoch GNSS PPP-RTK positioning

GNSS High-Precision Augmentation for Autonomous Vehicles: Requirements, Solution, and Technical Challenges

Vulnerabilities and integrity of precise point positioning for intelligent transport systems: overview and analysis

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