Solutrean and Magdalenian ferruginous rocks heat-treatment: accidental and/or deliberate action?

Salomon, Hélène; Vignaud, Colette; Lahlil, Sophia; Menguy, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.12.024

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, the Lower Turonian translucent variety, which contains black dendrite or point inclusions, is systematically present in Solutrean and Middle Magdalenian assemblages (Aubry 1991(Aubry , 2009) but is not present in the local flint outcrops, the site 30 Solutrean archaeostratigraphic sequence, or the entire Cher Valley. The open-air site of Maîtreaux, closely associated with Upper Turonian large flint slabs and nodules, permits a better understanding of flint exploitation and diffusion modalities (Almeida 2005;Almeida et al 2013;Aubry et al 1998Aubry et al , 2007b and confirms that intentional heating was used to produce red hematite from the local ferruginous materials (Salomon et al 2015). The local flint reduction sequences at Maîtreaux were aimed at the production of blades, shouldered points, bladelets, backed bladelets, and small and large laurel leaves (Almeida 2005;Aubry et al 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Adaptation to Resources and Environments during the Last Glacial Maximum by Hunter-Gatherer Societies in Atlantic Europe

Aubry¹,

Luís²,

Llach³

et al. 2015

Journal of Anthropological Research

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Adaptation to Resources and Environments during the Last Glacial Maximum by Hunter-Gatherer Societies in Atlantic Europe

Aubry¹,

Luís²,

Llach³

et al. 2015

Journal of Anthropological Research

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“…5). However, other markers should be always observed (e.g., (micro)cracking; Salomon et al 2015) when estimating heating temperature, as natural factors (weathering) may also cause colour change driven by iron oxidation, and both increase (Su et al 2015) and decrease (Thacker and Elwood 2002) magnetic susceptibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is of importance for the correct interpretation of colour spots from around Palaeolithic hearths (for further literature, see Salomon et al . ). On the other hand, the absence of rubefaction does not imply the absence of fire, since colour changes in some cases may be very weak (Brodard et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental Heating of Moravian Cherts and its Implication for Palaeolithic Chipped Stone Assemblages

Moník

Schnabl

2017

Archaeometry

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The applicability of colour, magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization measurements for the identification of heated or accidentally burned Palaeolithic cherts from Moravia (Czech Republic) is tested in this study. We conclude that all these methods are usable. Colour changes are best detectable in materials heated at between 250–350°C, while magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization change at higher temperatures, closer to 600°C. This latter temperature, however, is usually destructive for cherts and is probably evidenced by accidentally burned artefacts. With the use of the three methods, we managed to identify three probably heated chert artefacts from two early Upper Palaeolithic assemblages from Moravia.

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“…Its presence can also reveal heating in direct contact with organic materials (at moderate temperatures of <350°C, reachable in small open fires). The presence of red and orange pieces enriched in maghemite at Nawarla Gabarnmang Square P may indicate that these pieces of ochre have been in contact with wood and/or animal fats in a fireplace (see Cornell and Schwertmann 2003;Grogan et al 2003;Salomon et al 2015;Schwertmann and Cornell 2000). This evidence of probable heating of ochres at Nawarla Gabarnmang may indicate purposeful heat alteration of lumps of ochre for the production of paint pastes, or accidental heating in the presence of campfires.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Excavated Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Archaeology of Rock Art in Western Arnhem Land, Australia

2017

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terra australis 47Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and Island Melanesia -lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present. Copyright of the text remains with the authors, 2017. This book is copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne convention. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. List of volumes in Terra AustralisTerra Australis Editorial Board: Sue O'Connor, Jack Golson, Simon Haberle, Sally Brockwell, Geoffrey Clark. .6 Long-necked spearthrowers from other locations as recorded by , Lewis (1998), and Welch (1997). 74 .2 This painting depicts a predatory quadruped with a distinctively developed head and muzzle region unlike a thylacine. It is suggested that the robust proportions of the head represent a morphology similar to that of the marsupial lion Thylacoleo carnifex. 149x The Archaeology of Rock Art in Western Arnhem Land, Australia terra australis 47 .27 Square P after completion of excavation showing south and west walls (the green string is the south side of the square). Note the flat rock surface at base. 266Figure 11.28 Square P east and south sections, with XUs and radiocarbon dates back-plotted. 267Figure 11.29 Square P showing sediments at the base of A: XU16 (average basal depth = 22 cm below ground), a stratigraphic level above that of the dried paint drops; B: XU21 (average basal depth = 28 cm below ground), a stratigraphic level below that of the dried paint drops; C: XU18 (average basal depth = 24 cm below ground), at the stratigraphic level containing the dried paint drops, here visible as lighter-coloured patches. 268 Figure 11.30 Profile view (top) and interpretation (bottom) of GPR data from the southeast to northwest ends of the rockshelter passing through Square P. 270 Figure 11.31 Bayesian age model for Square P produced with OxCal v4.2 (see text for discussion). 272 .37 Edge of the densely pillared, slightly elevated area to the south of the shelter. 280 Figure 11.38 Projected view of the Nawarla Gabarnmang shelter and the densely pillared edge of the slightly elevated area to the south. 281 Figure 11.39 Geomorphological reconstitution of the area around Square P. 284Figure 11.40 Square P: Distribution of stone artefacts and bone + teeth (excluding a particularly large stone artefact weighing 164.0 g from XU3, to enable better visualisation of the overall distribution down the XU profile). 286 Table 2.3 Radiocarbon dates on charcoal from Test Pits B and C, MN05. 36 Table 3.1 Gen...

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Solutrean and Magdalenian ferruginous rocks heat-treatment: accidental and/or deliberate action?

Cited by 47 publications

References 30 publications

Adaptation to Resources and Environments during the Last Glacial Maximum by Hunter-Gatherer Societies in Atlantic Europe

Adaptation to Resources and Environments during the Last Glacial Maximum by Hunter-Gatherer Societies in Atlantic Europe

Experimental Heating of Moravian Cherts and its Implication for Palaeolithic Chipped Stone Assemblages

The Archaeology of Rock Art in Western Arnhem Land, Australia

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