Solvation-protection-enabled high-voltage electrolyte for lithium metal batteries

Performance Leap of Lithium Metal Batteries in LiPF6 Carbonate Electrolyte by a Phosphorus Pentoxide Acid Scavenger

“…One strategy to mitigate these challenges are to pair them with solid- or semisolid-state electrolytes, but low conductivities, various interfacial stabilities, high impedances, and difficulty in scale-up have been steep challenges for solid-state electrolytes. − On the contrary, liquid electrolytes have the advantages of high conductivity, facile charge transfer, and ease of integration into large-scale battery assembly and manufacturing lines. To date, the majority of liquid electrolytes demonstrating good performance in Li metal batteries are composed of fluorinated solvents and high concentrations of lithium salts containing weakly coordinating imide anions, including lithium bis­(fluorosulfonyl)­imide (LiFSI) and its derivates due to their high degree of dissociation. − A potential challenge for these electrolytes is the high costs associated with fluorinated solvents and high salt concentrations. In addition, many of the fluorinated solvents are not readily available and their long-term environmental and health impact are not clear. − LiFSI-based electrolytes may also corrode aluminum (Al) current collectors. , Therefore, it would be tremendously beneficial if Li metal batteries could be built using commercial Li-ion electrolytes containing lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) and organic carbonate solvents, as commonly used in today’s Li-ion batteries.…”

Structural regulation chemistry of lithium ion solvation for lithium batteries

“…As a function of Li salt in solvents with additives, Li + solvation structure could determine many properties of the electrolytes, and especially the structural model Li + [solvent] x [additive] y [anion] has been proposed to explain battery performance 30,32 . The precise control of solvation structure can eliminate the adverse effects of some solvent molecules 33–38 . For example, Ming et al 38 found that the formed Li + ‐EC complex in EC‐contained electrolyte was crucial to stabilizing the electrolytes.…”

“…30,32 The precise control of solvation structure can eliminate the adverse effects of some solvent molecules. [33][34][35][36][37][38] For example, Ming et al 38 found that the formed Li + -EC complex in EC-contained electrolyte was crucial to stabilizing the electrolytes. Highconcentration electrolyte (HCE) and others could greatly reduce the number of solvent-separated ion pair (SSIP) structures and free solvent molecules, which is mainly composed of contact ion pair (CIP) and aggregates (AGGs).…”

Tuning Interface Mechanics Via β-Configuration Dominant Amyloid Aggregates for Lithium Metal Batteries

“…Lithium (Li) metal, with the highest specific capacity (3860 mAh g –1 ) and the lowest reduction voltage (−3.04 V), has been considered as the most promising anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. − However, safety issues and short lifespans hinder the progress of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to the uncontrollable reaction of highly active Li metal with organic electrolytes. , Numerous approaches have been used to solve the inherent problem of Li anode, such as electrolyte improvement, separator modification, employing solid-state electrolyte, metal Li surface protection, and metal Li surface mechanical treatment . Generally, to overcome the obstacles of LMBs, the key to the problem is to build a stable interface between the Li anode and the electrolyte.…”