Solvent-Driven Infiltration of Polymer (SIP) into Nanoparticle Packings

Manohar, Neha; Stebe, Kathleen J.; Lee, Daeyeon

doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00392

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…Each layer can be described using the Cauchy model, n(λ) = A + B /λ 2 + C /λ 4 , where A , B , and C were optical constants. [ 1,2,4 ] All the Cauchy modeling was performed with low mean square errors (<10). For in situ monitoring, the heating stage was mounted on the ellipsometer, and the data were collected in situ at 140 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infiltrating a polymer into a film of densely packed nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as a powerful method of fabricating a nanocomposite film with an extremely high volume fraction (well above 50 vol%) of NPs. [ 1–10 ] This approach circumvents several challenges associated with preparing highly loaded nanocomposite films using conventional methods such high viscosity and elasticity of polymer‐NP mixtures as well as incompatibility between NPs and polymer. Moreover, polymer‐infiltrated NP films (PINFs) with highly anisotropic particles such as nanowires and nanoellipsoids can be readily fabricated, potentially in a scalable way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infiltration of polymers into the interstices of the NP films can be achieved using several methods including immersion of the NP films in polymer melts or solutions, [ 6,7 ] exposure of the NP films to monomers that are subsequently polymerized in situ, [ 8,9,15 ] and filling the NP films with resins that are cross‐linked afterward. [ 16 ] More recently, methods to directly infiltrate polymers into NP films via capillary rise infiltration (CaRI) [ 1–3 ] and solvent‐driven infiltration of polymer (SIP) [ 4 ] have been developed. In the case of the CaRI technique, a bilayer film, which is composed of a dense NP layer and a polymer layer, is heated above glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the polymer such that the polymer infiltrates into the nanopores of the NP layer via nanowicking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By exposing a bilayer film to solvent vapor, the solvent is condensed in the nanopores by capillarity, and then plasticizes the polymer to induce its infiltration into the nanopores. [ 4 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these techniques are able to produce PINFs with extremely high‐volume fraction (>60 vol%) of NPs in scalable and controllable manner, these methods are ideal for making homogeneous PINFs that have uniform composition and structure through the thickness. [ 1–4 ] For a number of applications that involve nanocomposite materials, however, heterostructured PINFs that have varying structures and/or properties in the thickness directions could be useful and at times essential. For example, several optical and photonic coatings take advantage of variations in refractive index ( n ) of the structure to facilitate constructive/destructive interference of light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterostructured Polymer‐Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films with Cavities via Capillary Rise Infiltration

Kim

Qiang

Turner

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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Polymer‐infiltrated nanoparticle films (PINFs) that have high volume fractions (>50 vol%) of nanoparticles (NPs) possess enhanced properties making them ideal for various applications. Capillary rise infiltration (CaRI) of polymer and solvent‐driven infiltration of polymer (SIP) into pre‐assembled NP films have emerged as versatile approaches to fabricate PINFs. Although these methods are ideal for fabricating PINFs with homogenous structure, several applications including separations, and photonic/optical coatings would benefit from a method that enables scalable manufacturing of heterostructured (i.e., films with variation in structural properties such as porosity, composition, refractive indices, etc.) PINFs. In this work, a new technique is developed for fabricating heterostructured PINFs with cavities based on CaRI. A bilayer composed of densely packed inorganic NP layer atop polymer NP layer is thermally annealed above the glass transition temperature of the polymer NP, which induces CaRI of the polymer into the interstices of the inorganic NP layer. Exploiting the difference in the sizes of the two particles, heterostructured double stack PINFs composed of a PINF and a layer with large cavities are produced at a moderate temperature (<200 °C). Using these heterostructured PINFs, Bragg reflectors that can detect the presence of wetting agents in water are fabricated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Heterostructured Polymer‐Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films with Cavities via Capillary Rise Infiltration

Kim

Qiang

Turner

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

Self Cite

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Condensation‐Controlled Toposelective Vapor Deposition in Nano‐ and Microcavities: Theory, Methods, Applications, and Related Technologies

Lovikka¹

2022

Adv Materials Inter

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fabricable while we are facing increasing complexity in, for example, microelectronics. [6,7] For these reasons, challenges such as bad pattern alignment, [8,9] or pinch-off of pores and void formation [10][11][12][13] in top-down fabrication need to be addressed. On the other hand, a continuous film causes tradeoffs in desirable properties in many nanotechnological applications, such as losing mesoporosity while increasing the mechanical properties of an aerogel [14] or reducing catalytic activity while increasing catalyst stability against sintering. [15] To counter these problems, even atomic layer deposition (ALD), a method known for its superior conformality, has been expanded into area-selective fabrication by the addition of etching and functionalization steps in the workflow. [16][17][18][19] However, additional steps make the workflow increasingly slow, complex, and dependent on surface chemistries. There is also a growing interest in area-selectivity based on properties of precursors and substrates in ALD, [20] but new requirements on precursors would narrow down potential reagents. Furthermore, even conformal methods would leave voids inside ink-bottle-shaped pores and under composite undercuts [21] because conformal methods would clog the pore mouths before filling the internal parts. These problems have very recently revoked calls for profound changes and even a paradigm shift toward selective functionalization in the nanoscale. [18,20,[22][23][24][25] Special attention should be paid to inherently non-conformal methods, especially if they are surface-selective towards cavities. This includes both surface-selective subconformal coatings, those that coat only extremities and protrusions of a substrate, and surface-selective superconformal coatings, those that fill or coat cavities.Bottom-up approaches could eliminate the aforementioned problems while reducing the needed steps for surface-selective treatments-instead of breaking or carving things smaller and using miniaturized techniques (top-down), coatings could be grown self-aligning (bottom-up). One bottom-up category is surface-shape-selective deposition. Currently, this category has limited approaches, which are often based on either anisotropic processes such as directional plasma etching [26] or reagent flux, force fields, [27] competitive adsorption, [28] or reagents and additives with specific properties. [22] Truly bottom-up gap-filling technologies, especially those free of line-of-sight limitations, Nanotechnology drives technological progress in many frontiers, from electronics to medicine, from tougher composites to adaptive surfaces. As the feature sizes are made smaller, the importance of surfaces is increased. Many of the most powerful methods for surface manipulation are variants of vapor deposition (VD). However, VD is typically not surface-selective and, therefore, extra work steps are needed to integrate the methods into nanofabrication routines. Furthermore, many fields are moving toward 3D nanostructures, which unavoidably means...

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Highly porous nanocoatings tailored for inverse nanoparticle‐polymer composites

et al. 2020

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A novel nanoparticle‐polymer composite is proposed, named inverse nanocomposites in this work. First, a rigid percolating scaffold of nanoparticles is formed, which is filled with a matrix and then polymerized. Targeted for use in thin‐film applications, these mesoporous nanoparticle scaffolds are prepared by combining the sol–gel chemistry of functionalized silanes with nanoparticles in dispersions. The nanoparticle coatings have high porosity, low density, good adhesion to the substrate, and interesting non‐classical properties, such as absorbency of highly viscous fluids. The porosity, which can be adjusted by changing the composition and preparation parameters, reaches 75%. The porous scaffold can be infiltrated with various fluids, including acrylic and epoxy monomers and even highly viscous pressure‐sensitive adhesives. If the monomers are polymerized after imbibition, the inverse nanocomposite is formed, consisting of a percolating particle network surrounded by a polymeric binder. Hence, the morphology comprises an interpenetrating system of two co‐continuous phases and not merely particles dispersed in a polymeric phase, as is typical for conventionally prepared nanocomposites.

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Solvent-Driven Infiltration of Polymer (SIP) into Nanoparticle Packings

Cited by 28 publications

References 52 publications

Heterostructured Polymer‐Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films with Cavities via Capillary Rise Infiltration

Heterostructured Polymer‐Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films with Cavities via Capillary Rise Infiltration

Condensation‐Controlled Toposelective Vapor Deposition in Nano‐ and Microcavities: Theory, Methods, Applications, and Related Technologies

Highly porous nanocoatings tailored for inverse nanoparticle‐polymer composites

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