Solvent effect on particle morphology in recrystallization of HMX (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine) using supercritical carbon dioxide as antisolvent

Kim, Changki; Lee, Byung‐Chul; Lee, Youn-Woo; Kim, Hyoun Soo

doi:10.1007/s11814-009-0187-6

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[231] Unexpectedly,t he authors discovered that no desired HMX b phase was produced by SAS precipitation, regardless of the solvent used (these results are at variance with the work by Kim et al [229] ). [231] Unexpectedly,t he authors discovered that no desired HMX b phase was produced by SAS precipitation, regardless of the solvent used (these results are at variance with the work by Kim et al [229] ).…”

Section: Micronization Of Energetic Compounds In Sub-or Supercriticalmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The efficiency of the GAS and SAS micronization techniques was compared thoroughly by recording the FTIR spectra of HMX crystalso btained by both methods. [231] Unexpectedly,t he authors discovered that no desired HMX b phase was produced by SAS precipitation, regardless of the solvent used (these results are at variance with the work by Kim et al [229] ). Only GAS processes with acetones olution afforded energetically favorable prismlike crystals of the b phase.…”

Section: Micronization Of Energetic Compounds In Sub-or Supercriticalmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Kim et al [229] investigated the aforementioned solvent effect on HMX particle morphology in the SAS process. DMSO,D MF, NMP,a cetone, andC HN were used as solvents.…”

Section: Micronization Of Energetic Compounds In Sub-or Supercriticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective Symbiosis of Green Chemistry and Energetic Materials

et al. 2017

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A global increase in environmental pollution demands the development of new "cleaner" chemical processes. Among urgent improvements, the replacement of traditional hydrocarbon-derived toxic organic solvents with neoteric solvents less harmful for the environment is one of the most vital issues. As a result of the favorable combination of their unique properties, ionic liquids (ILs), dense gases, and supercritical fluids (SCFs) have gained considerable attention as suitable green chemistry media for the preparation and modification of important chemical compounds and materials. In particular, they have a significant potential in a specific and very important area of research associated with the manufacture and processing of high-energy materials (HEMs). These large-scale manufacturing processes, in which hazardous chemicals and extreme conditions are used, produce a huge amount of hard-to-dispose-of waste. Furthermore, they are risky to staff, and any improvements that would reduce the fire and explosion risks of the corresponding processes are highly desirable. In this Review, useful applications of almost nonflammable ILs, dense gases, and SCFs (first of all, CO ) for nitration and other reactions used for manufacturing HEMs are considered. Recent advances in the field of energetic (oxygen-balanced and hypergolic) ILs are summarized. Significant attention is paid to the SCF-based micronization techniques, which improve the energetic performance of HEMs through an efficient control of the morphology and particle size distribution of the HEM fine particles, and to useful applications of SCFs in HEM processing that makes them less hazardous.

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Section: Micronization Of Energetic Compounds In Sub-or Supercriticalmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Micronization Of Energetic Compounds In Sub-or Supercriticalmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Prospective Symbiosis of Green Chemistry and Energetic Materials

et al. 2017

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“…Reports on the refinement and desensitization of explosives have increased at home and abroad in recent years. Kim et al [5], using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) recrystallization process, prepared micron-sized HMX of different particle sizes with three solvents, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), cyclohexanone, acetone, and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP). However, it was obvious from the SEM in the literature that the obtained HMX owned irregular morphology, uneven particle size distribution, and severe agglomeration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Submicron Scale Spherical RDX, HMX, and CL-20 without Soft Agglomeration

Jia

Wei

et al. 2019

Journal of Nanomaterials

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In this study, a novel spray drying-assisted self-assembly (SDAS) technology was proposed to prepare submicron elemental explosives with good morphology, uniform dispersion, and low sensitivity and spherical submicron RDX, HMX, and CL-20 particles without soft agglomeration were fabricated via such a method. Structural characterizations and thermal stability of the composites were systematically studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Moreover, safety performance was analyzed by qualitative testing of impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity. The XRD analysis demonstrated that HMX and CL-20 refined by SDAS maintained the crystal structure of β-HMX and ε-CL-20 before and after refinement, whereas the HMX crystal structure after spray recrystallization refinement was transformed from β-HMX to α-HMX. The DSC results indicated that the thermal decomposition peak temperature of the three particles refined by the SDAS technology had a minimum advancement, and the thermal stability of the particles was relatively superior. More importantly, the H50 of the RDX, HMX, and CL-20 refined by this novel method was increased to 48.3 cm, 44.6 cm, and 31.1 cm, and the probability of friction explosion was decreased to 62%, 62%, and 80%, respectively, thus significantly improving the safety performance as compared with the sample refined by spray recrystallization.

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“…Cyclohexanone, as an important intermediate, is mainly used to produce fibre nylons, caprolactam, and adipic acid. Due to its high solubility and low volatility, it also can be used as a special solvent . Traditionally, the cyclohexanone is produced in industry via cyclohexane oxidation, benzene hydrogenation, or two‐step phenol hydrogenation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective catalytic hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone over Pd@CN: Role of CN precursor separation mode

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2018

Can J Chem Eng

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The one-step hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone is green and sustainable. In this study, the effect of a CN (N-doped carbon) precursor separation mode on the catalytic performance of a Pd@CN catalyst for selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone in water was investigated. Three modes, i.e., rotary evaporation, centrifugation, and filtration, were designed to separate the CN precursor while preparing the Pd@CN catalyst. The results highlight that the separation mode significantly affects the phenol hydrogenation performance of the Pd@CN catalyst. The best catalytic performance is obtained when separating the CN precursor by the rotary evaporation mode. Based on a series of characterizations, it is confirmed that the separation mode of rotary evaporation can introduce more N into the mesoporous carbon, improve the Pd dispersion, and enhance the basic sites and Pd loading, leading to higher catalytic activity. Furthermore, the Pd@CN catalyst prepared by rotary evaporation exhibits better catalytic stability. Less Pd leaching is responsible for its slight deactivation. These findings can provide a point of reference for the development of Pd@CN catalysts with high catalytic performance.

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Solvent effect on particle morphology in recrystallization of HMX (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine) using supercritical carbon dioxide as antisolvent

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Prospective Symbiosis of Green Chemistry and Energetic Materials

Prospective Symbiosis of Green Chemistry and Energetic Materials

Fabrication and Characterization of Submicron Scale Spherical RDX, HMX, and CL-20 without Soft Agglomeration

Selective catalytic hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone over Pd@CN: Role of CN precursor separation mode

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