Solvent Extraction of Bitumen from Oil Sands

Wang, Tong; Zhang, Chao; Zhao, Ruiyu; Zhu, Chengjun; Yang, Chaohe; Liu, Chenguang

doi:10.1021/ef402101s

Cited by 59 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The smaller χ p-s indicates the higher interaction between the polymer and the solvent41. The δ values of PS, PMMA and toluene are 18.6, 19.2 and 18.2 MPa 1/2 , respectively4243. Based on equation (1), the χ p-s of PS and toluene is smaller than χ p-s of PMMA and toluene, which implies that toluene is better solvent for PS than for PMMA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Self-Organized Dewetting of Ultrathin Polymer Blend Film for Large-Area Fabrication of SERS Substrate

Zhang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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We study the enhanced dewetting of ultrathin Polystyrene (PS)/Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend films in a mixed solution, and reveal the dewetting can act as a simple and effective method to fabricate large-area surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. A bilayer structure consisting of under PMMA layer and upper PS layer forms due to vertical phase separation of immiscible PS/PMMA during the spin-coating process. The thicker layer of the bilayer structure dominates the dewetting structures of PS/PMMA blend films. The diameter and diameter distribution of droplets, and the average separation spacing between the droplets can be precisely controlled via the change of blend ratio and film thickness. The dewetting structure of 8 nm PS/PMMA (1:1 wt%) blend film is proved to successfully fabricate large-area (3.5 cm × 3.5 cm) universal SERS substrate via deposited a silver layer on the dewetting structure. The SERS substrate shows good SERS-signal reproducibility (RSD < 7.2%) and high enhancement factor (2.5 × 107). The enhanced dewetting of polymer blend films broadens the application of dewetting of polymer films, especially in the nanotechnology, and may open a new approach for the fabrication of large-area SERS substrate to promote the application of SERS substrate in the rapid sensitive detection of trace molecules.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Self-Organized Dewetting of Ultrathin Polymer Blend Film for Large-Area Fabrication of SERS Substrate

Zhang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Considerable research has been performed in an effort to separate bitumen from oil sands using solvent extraction [5] [6]. Several process were suggested to slurry the oil sands in one or multiple non-aqueous solvents followed by filtration and then separation of the solvent from the sand tailings [7] [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Chemical Constituents of Bitumen Using a Mixed Solvent System

Odebunmi¹,

Olaremu²

2015

OJAppS

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Several solvents had been used to extract the SARA (Saturate, Aromatic, Resin and Asphaltene) constituents of bitumen. The quantification of such extracts also abounds in open literature but in this work an attempt was made to determine the quality of extraction as a feed stock for processing bitumen using a mixed solvent system. A mixture of heptane and toluene was used to compare with the standard method using heptane. The components were analysed for functional groups of compound types presented in them using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry technique (FTIR). The quality of bitumen component extract was not significantly affected by the method of extraction as recommended by the ASTM. The components are mixture of different class of hydrocarbons such as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons which conformed to what had earlier been reported by other researchers.

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“…Based on the theory of Hanson solubility, good solvents always possess parameter distributions (i.e., dispersion force, polar force, and hydrogenbonding force) in a specific range depending upon the solute (Hansen, 2007). Wang et al (2014) reported good solvents for the dissolution of bitumen generally have relatively high values for δ d and δ h and a low value for δ p .…”

Section: Techniques For Treating Oily Sludgementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Therefore, in the solvent extraction of oil from oily sludge, the dissolving capacity of solvent is a combination of the Hildebrand solubility parameter ( δ ), and the parameter distribution of the acting force parameter (δ d , δ p , and δ h ). According to Wang et al (2014), a solvent with a solubility parameter close to that of asphaltene and a parameter distribution close to that of toluene is desirable for the bitumen recovery from oil sands.…”

Section: Techniques For Treating Oily Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the quality of recovered oil can be improved with increasing solvent-to-sludge ratio, which is evidenced by the reduction in ash, carbon residue, and asphaltene content in recovered oil when more solvent is used (Zubaidy and Abouelnasr, 2010). The aspheltene content in the extracted oil generally has a positive relationship with the concentration of oil in the solvent phase, which is likely due to the mechanism that it is the extracted oil and not the solvent that extracts the asphaltene from oily sludge (Wang et al, 2014;Zubaidy and Abouelnasr, 2010). With increasing solvent-to-sludge ratio, the concentration of oil in the solvent phase decreased (if the increase of the solvent mass exceeded the increase of extracted oil), which contributed to a lower asphaltene content (Wang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Parameters Affecting Extraction Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel treatment and value-added utilization of oily sludge using ionic liquid and pyrolysis

Tian¹

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The effective treatment of oily sludge has been a challenging problem faced by the petroleum industry worldwide. It is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons, water, metallic ions, and suspended fine solids. The recalcitrant nature of oily sludge makes the treatment a difficult and costly task. The objective of this dissertation research was to develop environmentally friendly and economically competitive techniques for oily sludge treatment. Three different approaches were developed: ionic liquid (IL)-enhanced solvent extraction, co-pyrolysis with wood waste, and value-added utilization of oily sludge as sorbent to remove lead (Pb 2+) and cadmium (Cd 2+) from solution. Firstly, as compared to conventional solvent extraction, the ILenhanced solvent extraction not only improved oil recovery efficiency but also greatly reduced solvent and energy consumption as well as shortening the treatment duration even at low IL concentration. Secondly, co-pyrolysis of oily waste and hog fuel was conducted in a fixed bed reactor. Three experimental parameters (pyrolysis temperature, reaction time, and hog fuel addition) were explored to optimize both oil recovery and metal ion immobilization. The latter was tested through sequential extraction techniques with high temperature pyrolysis leading to metal ions fixed within the residues. The addition of hog fuel had a significant synergistic effect on the distribution of metal ions in the various extraction fractions resulting in lower risk index (RI) values. Thirdly, the oily sludge-derived char (OS500) obtained at 500 °C could effectively remove Pb 2+ from solution with the maximum sorption capacity of 373.2 mg/g (based on a Langmuir model). Sorption of Pb 2+ by the OS500 was mainly attributed to its precipitation with carbonate (CO3 2-) originating in OS500. The maximum sorption capacity for Cd 2+ , using a Langmuir model, was 23.19 mg/g. Complexation and metal ion exchange dominated Cd 2+ sorption on OS500. The Pb 2+ sorption capacity dramatically decreased as the iii pyrolysis temperature increased from 500 to 900 °C due to the decomposition of minerals which could release CO3 2at high temperature. The activated OS500 showed a higher sorption capacity (90.06 mg/g) for Cd 2+ than OS500 (23.95 mg/g) because conversion of barite (BaSO4) to witherite (BaCO3) after chemical activation favored the precipitation of Cd-carbonate. iv CO-AUTHORSHIP For all the chapters in this dissertation, I was the principal investigator including design of studies, acquisition of data, and analysis of data. I wrote the manuscripts and was responsible for incorporating comments and feedbacks in the revised manuscripts. Dr. Jianbing Li supervised the experiments and contributed to experimental design, data analysis, and revision of the manuscripts. He is included in authorship on all resulting publications. Dr. Bill McGill and Dr. Todd Whitcombe contributed to the design and implementation of experiments and helped review and improve the manuscripts, so they were included in some of my publications. Dr. ...

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Solvent Extraction of Bitumen from Oil Sands

Cited by 59 publications

References 14 publications

Enhanced Self-Organized Dewetting of Ultrathin Polymer Blend Film for Large-Area Fabrication of SERS Substrate

Enhanced Self-Organized Dewetting of Ultrathin Polymer Blend Film for Large-Area Fabrication of SERS Substrate

Extraction of Chemical Constituents of Bitumen Using a Mixed Solvent System

Novel treatment and value-added utilization of oily sludge using ionic liquid and pyrolysis

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