Solvent extraction of gallium with kelex 100 from Brazilian weak sodium aluminate solution

Extraction of gallium from Bayer liquor using extractant produced from cashew nutshell liquid

“…The Ga content of the TanRai liquor was 49 ppm, which is similar to those of Brazilian (Borges and Masson, 1994) and Indian (Puvvada, 1999). The content of other main metals are shown in Table 1.…”

“…However, without decanol, problems with third phase formation persisted during acidic stripping. In addition to synthetic Bayer liquor, industrial Bayer process liquor of a Brazilian bauxite refinery has been used (Borges and Masson, 1994), in which over 90% of gallium was extracted.…”

Recovery of gallium from Bayer liquor: A review

“…Minor deviations in the first order kinetic plots were observed for octylamine and petroleum sulphonate additions, however, in the case of Versatic 10 the first order kinetics were obeyed, indicating that the mass transfer mechanism is directly related to the interfacial area and to the interfacial chemistry in the presence of surfactants. Studies conducted by Borges and Masson (1994) on the solvent extraction of gallium from a weak Brazilian Bayer process liquor containing 110 mg/l Ga, 16-25 g/l Al 2 O 3 , and 108-120 g/l of Na 2 O using 10.0% Kelex 100 (5.0% Versatic 10, 8.0% n-decanol and 77.0% kerosene) showed a gallium recovery of 90% in 2 min. Through the incorporation of surfactants, such as Versatic acid, into the organic phase forming microemulsion the problem associated with the slow kinetics of gallium extraction can be solved.…”

“…Kerosene is the conventional diluent, but other possible diluents such as Kermac 470B, Aromatic 150, Escaid 200 and cyclohexane have shown to improve the extraction kinetics in synthetic solutions (Pesic and Zhou, 1988;Zhou and Pesic, 1989). Kerosene has been used successfully in tests with industrial solutions (Borges and Masson, 1994). Ketones were superior to alcohols or TBP as modifiers.…”

Extraction of gallium from simulated Bayer process liquor by Kelex 100 dissolved in ionic liquids

“…13,14,19 The use of surfactant-stabilized microemulsions or ultrasonic agitation were proposed in order to enhance extraction kinetics. 21,[23][24][25][26] Puvvada observed a decrease in the required equilibration time by factor of 10 upon addition of Versatic Acid 10 to the organic phase, but the system exhibited poor reusability. 25 Systems with Kelex® 100 dissolved in n-butanol as organic phase form stable microemulsions and exhibit very strong, relatively rapid extraction of gallium.…”