Solving low frequency EM-CKT problems using the PEEC method

Gope, Dipanjan; Ruehli, Albert E.; Jandhyala, Vikram

doi:10.1109/epep.2005.1563778

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…But it has a different frequency dependence in its submatrices. In [11], the SPIE flattens the condition number at low frequencies, if both the conductor and dielectric losses are present. However, in the lossless case, the diagonal blocks become zero when 3 0 , and the matrix can be shown to be ill-conditioned.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…It may also suffer the same low frequency inaccuracy problem like the MFIE [10], which only captures the magnetostatic physics in the low-frequency regime. Moreover, the CCIE needs the magnetic field excitation, which is not well defined for circuit problems.The similar idea of separating current and charge is investigated in the separated potential integral equation (SPIE) [11]. The EFIE is extended to include the potential as unknowns.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An augmented electric field integral equation for high‐speed interconnect analysis

Qian

Chew

2008

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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whole size of the antenna is 30 mm ϫ 27.4 mm. The distance between the horizontal arm of the -shaped slot and the bottom of the ground plane is H 2 . The arms of the -shaped slot have the same width W 2 , the distance of two vertical arms is D, the length of the vertical arm and the horizontal arm are H 1 and L 3 , respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONParameters L 1 , W 1 , G, N are firstly optimized using the Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) to ensure good VSWR performance through the whole UWB band. Finally, they are chosen to be L 1 ϭ 15 mm, W 1 ϭ 24 mm, G ϭ 0.45 mm, N ϭ 5, whereas the width and the axial ratio of the half ellipse-shaped ground are fixed to 30 mm and 0.8, respectively.The parameters such as H 1 , D, and L 3 of the -shaped slot are studied to see the influences on the performances of the antenna while W 2 ϭ 0.5 mm. Figure 2 shows the simulated VSWR for different values of these parameters which are listed in Table 1. It is clearly seen that the center frequency of the notched band can be varied from 5.2 to 5.8 GHz by properly selecting the parameter values. For the purpose of comparison, as is shown in Figure 3, a prototype of the proposed antenna with H 1 ϭ 6.5 mm, D ϭ 5 mm, L 3 ϭ 9 mm, W 3 ϭ 2.2 mm, W 4 ϭ 0.3 mm was fabricated and tested. The measurement was made with a Wiltron 37269A vector network analyzer. As can be seen from the measured results, the proposed antenna provides a sufficiently wide impedance bandwidth (VSWR Ͻ 2) of 7.9 GHz (3.1-11 GHZ), and has a frequency notch of about 600 MHz (5.4 -6.0 GHZ) for band rejection of the WLAN frequency band. It is also seen that without the -shaped slot, the antenna can operate from 3.1 to 10.7 GHz which covers the whole UWB band. It is clear seen that the measured results agree well with those from the simulation. The measured radiation patterns at 4 GHz and 7 GHz are presented in Figure 4. It can be seen that the patterns of the proposed antenna at frequencies out of the notched band present omnidirectional and stable radiation characteristic in the xy-plane (H-plane) over the operating frequency range, which are similar to that of the typical monopole antenna. Because of the symmetry in structure, symmetrical radiation patterns are seen in the xy and yz planes, as depicted in the plots. The simulated peak gain is plotted in Figure 5, the result presents that the antenna is successfully performed with the rejection in the 5-6 GHz WLAN band. CONCLUSIONA compact CPW-fed planar monopole UWB antenna with bandnotched characteristic at around 5.8 GHz has been proposed and implemented. The total antenna size is 30 mm ϫ 27.4 mm ϫ 1 mm. By embedding a -shaped slot, the band-notched characteristic can be obtained. The center frequency of the notched band can be varied from 5.2 to 5.8 GHz by properly selecting the parameter values. It is seen from the measured results that the proposed antenna has omnidirectional radiation patterns. Therefore, the proposed antenna is suitable for the UWB communication applications and prevents interfere...

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An augmented electric field integral equation for high‐speed interconnect analysis

Qian

Chew

2008

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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“…Interestingly, it starts with the EFIE but does not has the lowfrequency breakdown issue. This is due to the fact that it always considers the loss term in the system and employs the modified nodal analysis (MNA) to solve the resultant matrix equation [25,26]. Hence, it obeys both Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) and Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) simultaneously in its solving process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One special method bridging electromagnetics and circuit theories is the partial electrical element circuit (PEEC) method [25][26][27][28]. Interestingly, it starts with the EFIE but does not has the lowfrequency breakdown issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Efie Method Based on Coulomb Gauge for the Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis

Xiong

Jiang²,

Sha³

et al. 2013

PIER

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Abstract-To solve the low-frequency breakdown inherent from the electric field integral equation (EFIE), an alternative new form of the EFIE is proposed by using the Coulomb-gauge Green's function of quasi-static approximation. Different from the commonly adopted Lorentz-gauge EFIE, the Coulomb-gauge EFIE separates the solenoidal and irrotational surface currents explicitly, which captures inductive and capacitive responses through electrodynamic and electrostatic Green's functions, respectively.By applying existing techniques such as the loop-tree decomposition, frequency normalization, and basis rearrangement, the Coulomb-gauge EFIE also can remedy the low-frequency breakdown problem. Through comparative studies between the Lorentz-gauge and Coulomb-gauge EFIE approaches from mathematical, physical and numerical aspects, the Coulomb-gauge EFIE approach shows the capability of solving low-frequency problems and achieves almost the same accuracy and computational costs compared to the Lorentz-gauge counterpart.

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“…Fullwave electromagnetic modeling of brain waves has been proposed as a very promising alternative to overcome these challenges in mapping the human brain. However, it is well known that both the time domain and frequency domain based numerical computational electromagnetic methods for solving the Maxwell's equations suffer from the so-called "low-frequency-breakdown" problem [14,15]. It is not uncommon, therefore, to resort to quasi-static solvers once the frequency of interest falls below a certain frequency (say a few MHz), and to ignore the contribution of the displacement currents, and, hence, the coupling between the electric and magnetic fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FULL WAVE MODELING OF BRAIN WAVES AS ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (Invited Paper)

Jain¹,

Mittra²,

Wiart³

2015

PIER

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Abstract-This paper describes a novel technique which has the potential to make a significant impact on the mapping of the human brain. This technique has been designed for 3D full-wave electromagnetic simulation of waves at very low frequencies and has been applied to the problem of modeling of brain waves which can be modeled as electromagnetic waves lying in the frequency range of 0.1-100 Hz. The use of this technique to model the brain waves inside the head enables one to solve the problem on a regular PC within 24 hrs, and requires just 1 GB of memory, as opposed to a few years of run time and nearly 200 Terabyte (200,000 GB) needed by the conventional FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) methods. The proposed technique is based on scaling the material parameters inside the head and solving the problem at a higher frequency (few tens of MHz) and then obtaining the actual fields at the frequency of interest (0.1-100 Hz) by using the fields computed at the higher frequency. The technique has been validated analytically by using the Mie Series solution for a homogeneous sphere, as well as numerically for a sphere, a finite lossy dielectric slab and the human head using the conventional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method. The presented technique is universal and can be used to obtain full-wave solution to low-frequency problems in electromagnetics by using any numerical technique.

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Solving low frequency EM-CKT problems using the PEEC method

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

An augmented electric field integral equation for high‐speed interconnect analysis

An augmented electric field integral equation for high‐speed interconnect analysis

A New Efie Method Based on Coulomb Gauge for the Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis

FULL WAVE MODELING OF BRAIN WAVES AS ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (Invited Paper)

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