Solvothermally exfoliated fluorographene for high-performance lithium primary batteries

Abstract

High-quality fluorographene (FG) was prepared by solvothermal exfoliation of fluorinated graphite (F-graphite) through intercalation of acetonitrile and chloroform with low boiling points. High-yield production of FG was demonstrated by wrinkled few-layered structures with disordered edges and poor regularity along the stacking direction. X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra indicated that the intercalation of chloroform led to the partial transformation from covalent C-F bonds to semi-ionic C-F bonds. A lithium primary battery (Li-battery) using a FG cathode exhibited a remarkable discharge rate performance because of good Li(+) diffusion and charge mobility through nanosheets. FG nanosheets exfoliated using chloroform showed a high specific capacity of 520 mA h g(-1) and a voltage platform of 2.18 V at a current density of 1 C, accompanied by a maximum power density of 4038 W kg(-1) at 3 C, which is almost four times higher than that of F-graphite. The results indicate that the solvothermal exfoliation using a low-boiling-point solvent is a facile, efficient and high-yield approach to prepare high-purity FG nanosheets for high-performance Li-batteries.

Preparation and properties of a novel graphene fluoroxide/polyimide nanocomposite film with a low dielectric constant

“…19,20 GF is an optical transparent semiconductor with a wide bandgap ($3 eV), relatively high Young's modulus ($0.3 TPa), and highquality insulating property (>10 12 U). [21][22][23] GF is well-known for its applications in lithium ion batteries, 21,24 lubricants, 25 thermoelectric devices, 26 and photoluminescence materials.…”

Fluorinated graphene/sulfur hybrid cathode for high energy and high power density lithium primary batteries

“…Moreover, no peaks were present around 1143 cm À1 or 1112 cm À1 indicating that there were no semiionic C-F bonds. 5,21,22 Compared with the pristine FG, the hybrid materials (FG/S-1 and FG/S-2) showed no new peaks, which conrmed that the structure of FG did not change aer the incorporation of sulfur. The XRD patterns (Fig.…”

“…5,22 However, the (002) reection at around 26.5 almost disappeared probably due to the high level of uorination and the crinkled structure with poor regularity along the stacking direction.…”

“…Two peaks at 284.8 eV and 285.9 eV are ascribed to sp 2 C]C bonds and sp 3 C-C bonds. 1,5,22 Besides, there are two peaks at 290.1 eV and 291.7 eV assigned to C-F and C-F 2 bonds, respectively. 1,5,22 Interestingly, FG/S-2 displays a new peak at about 287.4 eV which is associated with C]S bonds.…”

“…1,5,22 Besides, there are two peaks at 290.1 eV and 291.7 eV assigned to C-F and C-F 2 bonds, respectively. 1,5,22 Interestingly, FG/S-2 displays a new peak at about 287.4 eV which is associated with C]S bonds. 27,28 Though there are some uctuations due to the low content of sulfur, the interaction between FG and S can also depicted by the S 2p spectrum of FG/S-2, as shown in Fig.…”