Somatic Hybridization and Applications in Plant Breeding

Johnson, Alexander; Veilleux, Richard E.

doi:10.1002/9780470650189.ch6

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…It might be that elimination of the gametophytic genome which occurred in the most fusion products during initial cell divisions without nuclear fusion, resulted in the production of diploid cultures. It is also possible that the aneuploid was produced due to chromosome loss in aberrant mitosis after formation of the hybrid nucleus either during early period of cell division or in a longer period of gradual segregation (Johnson and Veilleux 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gametosomatic hybridization between egg cell protoplast and mesophyll protoplast of Petunia hybrida

Sangthong

Chin

Supaibulwatana

et al. 2009

Plant Biotechnology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gametosomatic hybridization between egg cell protoplast and mesophyll protoplast of Petunia hybrida

Sangthong

Chin

Supaibulwatana

et al. 2009

Plant Biotechnology

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“…Since this time, hundreds of reports have been published during the past four decades which extend the procedures to additional plant genera and that evaluate the potential of somatic hybrids in many crops including citrus, rice, rapeseed, tomato, and potato. Excellent general reviews of the subject have appeared over the years including those by Gleba and Sytnik (1984), Bravo and Evans (1985), Waara and Glimelius (1995), and Johnson and Veilleux (2001); and for specific commodities including potato (Orczyk et al 2003) and citrus (Grosser andGmitter 1990, 2005;Grosser et al 2000). Significant accomplishments of somatic hybridization research include the production of wide intergeneric hybrids that combine sexually incompatible or difficult to hybridize species to increase genetic diversity for crop improvement (Dudits et al 1980;Grosser et al 1996;Skarzhinskaya et al 1996;Escalante et al 1998;Bastia et al 2001;Wang et al 2003;Xu et al 2003).…”

Section: Brief Historymentioning

confidence: 98%

Protoplast fusion for production of tetraploids and triploids: applications for scion and rootstock breeding in citrus

Grosser

Gmitter

2010

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

142

101

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Protoplast fusion technology has been utilized in many crops to generate allotetraploid somatic hybrids, and sometimes autotetraploids as a byproduct of the process. A brief history of this technology development is provided, along with a simple protocol developed for citrus, which can be easily adapted to other plants. Protoplast fusion has become a significant tool in ploidy manipulation that can be applied in various cultivar improvement schemes. In rare cases, a new somatic hybrid may have direct utility as an improved cultivar; however, the most important application of somatic hybridization is the building of novel germplasm as a source of elite breeding parents for various types of conventional crosses for both scion and rootstock improvement. Somatic hybridization is generating superior allotetraploid breeding parents for use in interploid crosses to generate seedless triploids. Seedlessness is a primary breeding objective for new fresh fruit citrus varieties, and several thousand triploid hybrids have been produced using somatic hybrids as the tetraploid parent. Protoplast fusion is also being utilized to produce somatic hybrids that combine complementary diploid rootstocks, which have shown good potential for tree size control. Tree size control has gained importance as a means of reducing harvesting costs, maximizing the efficiency of modern cold protection methodology, and facilitating the adaptation of new fruit production systems. Successful somatic hybridization in citrus rootstock improvement has enabled rootstock breeding at the tetraploid level via sexual hybridization, which can yield maximum genetic diversity in zygotic progeny upon which to impose selection for the many traits required in improved rootstock cultivars, including disease and insect resistance, broad adaptation, tree size control, and the ability to consistently produce high yields of quality fruit. Recent progress and successful examples of these applications are discussed. Finally, a discussion of the genetic potential of somatic hybrids as breeding parents, including meiotic behavior and inheritance is provided.

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“…In order to limit the genetic contribution of one of the parents, the nucleus of one of them (the donor) can be inactivated using radioactivity. This gives rise to an asymmetrical protoplast fusion that results in a somatic hybrid with the complete genome of the "receptor" and fragments of the donor's genome (21,33,63). A cybrid (cytoplasmic hybrid) is a special type of asymmetric somatic hybrid in which its nuclear genome comes from a single parent while the cytoplasmic genomes are inherited from both parents but follow different fates (Figure 2).…”

Section: Cybridization As a Tool To Build Cms Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Sterility and Somatic Hybridization in Plant Breeding

García¹,

Edera²,

Marfil³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Plant male sterility refers to the failure in the production of fertile pollen. It occurs spontaneously in natural populations and may be caused by genes encoded in the nuclear (genic male sterility; GMS) or mitochondrial (cytoplasmic male sterility; CMS) genomes. This feature has great agronomic value for the production of hybrid seeds and has been widely used in crops, such as corn, rice, wheat, citrus, and several species of the family Solanaceae. Mitochondrial genes determining CMS have been uncovered in a wide range of plant species. The modes of action of CMS have been classified in terms of the effect they produce in the cell, which ultimately leads to a failure in the production of pollen. Male fertility can be restored by nuclear-encoded genes, termed restorer-of-fertility (Rf) factors. CMS from wild plants has been transferred to species of agronomic interest through somatic hybridization. Somatic hybrids have also been produced to generate CMS de novo upon recombination of the mitochondrial genomes of two parental plants or by separating the CMS cytoplasm from the nuclear Rf alleles

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Somatic Hybridization and Applications in Plant Breeding

Cited by 18 publications

References 178 publications

Gametosomatic hybridization between egg cell protoplast and mesophyll protoplast of Petunia hybrida

Gametosomatic hybridization between egg cell protoplast and mesophyll protoplast of Petunia hybrida

Protoplast fusion for production of tetraploids and triploids: applications for scion and rootstock breeding in citrus

Male Sterility and Somatic Hybridization in Plant Breeding

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