Somatic &lt;I&gt;Wolbachia&lt;/I&gt; (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) Levels in &lt;I&gt;Culex quinquefasciatus&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Culex pipiens&lt;/I&gt; (Diptera: Culicidae) and Resistance to West Nile Virus Infection

Micieli, María Victoria; Glaser, Robert L.

doi:10.1603/me13152

Cited by 45 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Additionally, the high abundance of Pseudomonas in Anopheles, Ochlerotatus and Aedes may also exclude the presence of Wolbachia in the system, suggesting that bacteria other than Asaia may affect the ability of the system to retain stable Wolbachia infection (Hughes et al, 2014). This is particularly relevant for disease transmission by mosquito vectors, as Wolbachia has been linked to vector competence (e.g., Micieli and Glaser, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Microbiome Dynamics, a Background for Prevalence and Seasonality of West Nile Virus

et al. 2017

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Symbiotic microbial communities augment host phenotype, including defense against pathogen carriage and infection. We sampled the microbial communities in 11 adult mosquito host species from six regions in southern Ontario, Canada over 3 years. Of the factors examined, we found that mosquito species was the largest driver of the microbiota, with remarkable phylosymbiosis between host and microbiota. Seasonal shifts of the microbiome were consistently repeated over the 3-year period, while region had little impact. Both host species and seasonal shifts in microbiota were associated with patterns of West Nile virus (WNV) in these mosquitoes. The highest prevalence of WNV, with a seasonal spike each year in August, was in the Culex pipiens/restuans complex, and high WNV prevalence followed a decrease in relative abundance of Wolbachia in this species. Indeed, mean temperature, but not precipitation, was significantly correlated with Wolbachia abundance. This suggests that at higher temperatures Wolbachia abundance is reduced leading to greater susceptibility to WNV in the subsequent generation of C. pipiens/restuans hosts. Different mosquito genera harbored significantly different bacterial communities, and presence or abundance of Wolbachia was primarily associated with these differences. We identified several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Wolbachia that drive overall microbial community differentiation among mosquito taxa, locations and timepoints. Distinct Wolbachia OTUs were consistently found to dominate microbiomes of Cx. pipiens/restuans, and of Coquilletidia perturbans. Seasonal fluctuations of several other microbial taxa included Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus, Methylobacterium, Asaia, Pantoea, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Pseudomonas, and Mycoplasma. This suggests that microbiota may explain some of the variation in vector competence previously attributed to local environmental processes, especially because Wolbachia is known to affect carriage of viral pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Microbiome Dynamics, a Background for Prevalence and Seasonality of West Nile Virus

et al. 2017

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“…The obligate intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis Hertig was first described in the mosquito Culex pipiens Linnaeus and belongs to the order of Rickettsiales (Hertig & Wolbach, ; Hertig, ; Werren, ). In contrast to other members of the Rickettsiales, such as Anaplasma , Ehrlichia and Rickettsia (Werren et al ., ; Micieli & Glaser, ), Wolbachia infects exclusively invertebrate hosts (Werren et al ., , ). Current estimations suggest that at least 40% of terrestrial arthropod species are persistently infected with Wolbachia (Werren et al ., ; Zug & Hammerstein, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…reported that inoculation with the Wolbachia strain wAlbB resulted in an enhancement of WNV infection in Culex tarsalis Coquillett (Dodson et al ., ). Furthermore, WNV resistance in C. quinquefasciatus as well as in C. pipiens seems to depend on Wolbachia density (Micieli & Glaser, ). Thus, not only knowledge about the presence or absence of Wolbachia , but also knowledge about its density might be required to assess the potential for antiviral protection (Moreira et al ., ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Culex torrentium mosquitoes from Germany are negative for Wolbachia

Leggewie

Krumkamp

Badusche

et al. 2017

Medical Vet Entomology

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Abstract. Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) infects a wide range of arthropods, including several mosquito species. The bacterium is known to induce a plethora of phenotypes in its host, examples being the reproductive phenotype cytoplasmic incompatibility or resistance against infection with arboviruses. The latter is especially relevant when assessing the vector competence of mosquito species for emerging arboviruses. Thus, knowledge of Wolbachia infection status is important for the assessment of vector competence. To facilitate Wolbachia screening in mosquito populations, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed to enable high-throughput analysis of mosquito samples. Using this assay, the Wolbachia infection status of the two most common Culex mosquito species in Germany, Culex pipiens biotype pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex torrentium Martini (Diptera: Culicidae), was assessed. About 93% of all tested C. pipiens biotype pipiens individuals were positive for Wolbachia, whereas none of the C. torrentium samples was found to be infected. Furthermore, other applications of the qPCR assay were explored by assessing a potential link between the levels of Wolbachia and West Nile virus (WNV) infections in German C. pipiens biotype pipiens mosquitoes. No relationship was found between the two variables, indicating that a Wolbachia-induced antiviral phenotype in this mosquito population is not exclusively attributable to the general level of bacterial infection.

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“…While putative difference in protective ability between the w Pip groups identified in Cx. pipiens has not yet been investigated, a general protection by wPip has been shown against West Nile Virus infection (Micieli and Glaser, 2014). To date, no Wolbachia-mediated “protection” against DNA viruses have been shown in any insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sharing cells with Wolbachia: the transovarian vertical transmission of Culex pipiens densovirus

Altinli

Soms

Ravallec

et al. 2018

Preprint

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This contribution provides a window into the study of a densovirus called CpDV infecting Culex pipiens 33 mosquitoes. The originality of the study lies in the fact that CpDV, a DNA virus, was to date almost 34 unstudied, its interaction with its hosts and its transmission mode were unknown. Considering that all 35 Cx. pipiens are infected with Wolbachia, we studied the influence of this bacterial endosymbiont on 36 CpDV density and transmission. Although Wolbachia-RNA virus interactions, especially in non-native 37 Wolbachia-host associations have been widely studied, Wolbachia-DNA virus interactions were rarely 38 investigated. 40In this natural tripartite Cx. pipiens-Wolbachia-CpDV system: 41 1. We revealed the wide prevalence of CpDV, mostly at low densities, in Cx. pipiens laboratory lines. 42 2. We monitored CpDV presence in several cell types in ovaries including the oocytes where they co-43 exist with the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia.44 3. We demonstrated that CpDV density in ovaries was influenced by Wolbachia presence and strain 45 variations 46 4. We studied CpDV vertical transmission depending on Wolbachia presence and strain variations 47 48 We report for the first time the occurrence of widely distributed covert CpDV infections in Cx. pipiens 49 laboratory colonies. CpDV is maintained by both vertical and horizontal transmission and under the 50 influence of the vertically transmitted bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia. Taken together our results 51 suggest that CpDV could be very prevalent in nature putatively influencing natural Cx. pipiens 52 populations' dynamics. 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 SUMMARY 60 Culex pipiens densovirus (CpDV), a single stranded DNA virus, has been isolated from Culex 61 pipiens mosquitoes but differs from other mosquito densoviruses in terms of genome structure 62 and sequence identity. Its transmission from host to host, the nature of its interactions with both 63 its host and host's endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia are not known. Here we report the presence 64 of CpDV in the ovaries and eggs of Cx. pipiens mosquitoes in close encounters with Wolbachia. In 65 the ovaries, CpDV quantity significantly differed between mosquito lines harboring different 66 strains of Wolbachia and these differences were not linked to variations in Wolbachia densities.67 CpDV was vertically transmitted in all laboratory lines to 17%-20% of the offspring. For some 68 females, however, the vertical transmission reached 90%. Antibiotic treatment that cured the host 69 from Wolbachia also significantly affected both CpDV quantity and vertical transmission 70 suggesting an impact of host microbiota, including Wolbachia, on CpDV transmission. Overall 71 our results show that CpDV is transmitted vertically via transovarian path along with Wolbachia 72 with which it shares the same cells. Our results are primordial to understand the dynamics of 73 densovirus infection, their persistence and spread in populations considering their potential use 74 in the regulation of mosquito vector populations. 75 76 77...

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Somatic <I>Wolbachia</I> (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) Levels in <I>Culex quinquefasciatus</I> and <I>Culex pipiens</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) and Resistance to West Nile Virus Infection

Cited by 45 publications

References 62 publications

Mosquito Microbiome Dynamics, a Background for Prevalence and Seasonality of West Nile Virus

Mosquito Microbiome Dynamics, a Background for Prevalence and Seasonality of West Nile Virus

Culex torrentium mosquitoes from Germany are negative for Wolbachia

Sharing cells with Wolbachia: the transovarian vertical transmission of Culex pipiens densovirus

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