Some Aspects of the Energy Metabolism of Mammalian Cells

Gregg, Charles T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-598301-3.50010-6

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…This does not appear to be the case. The high rate of aerobic glycolysis in T-II-P is present despite a rate of total oxygen utilization which is comparable to that previously demonstrated in other tissue culture maintained cells (23,24) and is similar to the rate of 02 utilization in lung fibroblasts from the same species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…This finding has been reported in other cell types with high rates of aerobic glycolysis and indicates that such cell types are functioning close to glycolytic capacity despite normal respiration (24).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The remaining cell monolayers were refed with 25 ml F12-10% FCS and incubated in stoppered T-75 flasks under either aerobic (PO2 -140 torr) or hypoxic (PO2 -15 torr) conditions for an additional h. All cultures were refed and regassed at 24 and 72 h.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioenergetic Pattern of Isolated Type II Pneumocytes in Air and during Hypoxia

Simon¹,

Robin²,

Raffin³

et al. 1978

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T The bioenergetic pattern of a cell clone derived from rat lung with ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics like those of type II pneumocytes (T-II-P), has been studied in a tissue culture system. During air cultivation, these cells have a high rate of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis associated with high activities of two rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis (pyruvate kinase [PyKi] and phosphofructokinase [PFK]). This is present despite the rates of oxygen consumption and activities of cytochrome oxidase (CyOx) similar to other lung cells. Presumably the high rate of aerobic glycolysis explains the substantial lactate production previously described in lung slices and in the intact perfused lung.Hypoxic cultivation results in a decrease in CyOx. Acute re-exposure to air does not restore the oxygen consumption to normal, presumably as a result of de-creased mitochondrial 02 utilization associated with decreased CyOx activity. As a result, hypoxically cultivated T-II-P cells have a decreased capacity for mitochondrial ATP generation in air as compared to air-cultivated cells. During hypoxia, aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis are further increased as well as the activities of PyKi and PFK.The high rate of glycolysis and high activities of PyKi and PFK in cultivated T-II-P appear to reflect intrinsic genetic regulation. The decreased CyOx activity and increased PyKi and PFK activities in hypoxic T-II-P appear to reflect alterations in enzyme biosynthesis/biodegradation regulated by 02 availability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Bioenergetic Pattern of Isolated Type II Pneumocytes in Air and during Hypoxia

Simon¹,

Robin²,

Raffin³

et al. 1978

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…A high rate of glycolysis is generally characteristic of tumor cells (Warburg, 1926) and normal cells with proliferative potential (Gregg, 1972;Roos and Loos, 1973;Weinhouse, 1976;Donnelly and Scheffler, 1976;Pederson, 1978;Hume et al, 1978). Much effort has been directed toward implication of the high flux of glucose to lactate in processes essential to cell proliferation (Warburg, 1926;Papaconstantinou et al, 1963;Gregg, 1972;Singh et al, 1974a,b;Wenner, 1975;Racker, 1976;Sols, 1976;Wang et aI., 1976;Weinhouse, 1976;Fagan and Racker, 1978;Hume et al, 1978;Lazo and Sols, 1980;Eigenbrodt and Glossmann, 1980).…”

Section: The Role Of Glycolysis In Cell Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Much effort has been directed toward implication of the high flux of glucose to lactate in processes essential to cell proliferation (Warburg, 1926;Papaconstantinou et al, 1963;Gregg, 1972;Singh et al, 1974a,b;Wenner, 1975;Racker, 1976;Sols, 1976;Wang et aI., 1976;Weinhouse, 1976;Fagan and Racker, 1978;Hume et al, 1978;Lazo and Sols, 1980;Eigenbrodt and Glossmann, 1980). Despite this effort, the cause of the high rate of glucose metabolism and whether glucose metabolism is a cause or consequence of cell growth are still debated.…”

Section: The Role Of Glycolysis In Cell Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Glutaminolysis in Animal Cells

McKeehan

1986

Carbohydrate Metabolism in Cultured Cells

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The permeability of EUDRAGIT RL and HEMA–MMA microcapsules to glucose and inulin

Douglas

Sefton

1990

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Measurement of the rate of glucose diffusion from EUDGRAGIT RL and HEMA-MMA microcapsules coupled with a Thiele modulus/Biot number analysis of the glucose utilization rate suggests that pancreatic islets and CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells (at moderate to high cell densities) should not be adversely affected by the diffusion restrictions associated with these capsule membranes. The mass transfer coefficients for glucose at 20 degrees C were of the same order of magnitude for both capsules, based on release measurements: approximately 5 x 10(-6) cm/s for EUDRAGIT RL and approximately 2 x 10(-6) for HEMA-MMA. Inulin release from EUDRAGIT RL was slower than for glucose (mass transfer coefficient 14 +/- 4 x 10(-8) cm/s). The Thiele moduli were much less than 1, either for a single islet at the center of a capsule or CHO cells uniformly distributed throughout a capsule at 10(-6) cells/ mL, so that diffusion restrictions within the cells in EUDRAGIT RL or 800 microm HEMA-MMA capsules should be negligible. The ratio of external to internal diffusion resistance (Biot number) was less than 1, so that at most, only a small diffusion effect on glucose utilization should be expected (i.e., the overall effectiveness factors were greater than 0.8). These calculations were consistent with experimental observation of encapsulated islet behavior but not fully with CHO cell behavior. Permeability restricted cell viability and growth is potentially a major limitation of encapsulated cells; further analysis is warranted.

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Some Aspects of the Energy Metabolism of Mammalian Cells

Cited by 23 publications

References 117 publications

Bioenergetic Pattern of Isolated Type II Pneumocytes in Air and during Hypoxia

Bioenergetic Pattern of Isolated Type II Pneumocytes in Air and during Hypoxia

Glutaminolysis in Animal Cells

The permeability of EUDRAGIT RL and HEMA–MMA microcapsules to glucose and inulin

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