Some basic concepts of pasture seed mixtures for New Zealand farms

Charlton, J. F. L.

doi:10.33584/jnzg.1991.53.2009

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The ryegrass, which was drilled 6 months after the cocksfoot and tall fescue portions of the mixtures, had lower seedling establishment owing to the competition from the older companion grasses. Generally, seeding rate only influences pasture production in the short term after sowing in single species sowings (Charlton 1991;Harris et al 1973). However, it is seeding rates that farmers have the most influence over and so the expression of the results in terms of the original seeding rates is appropriate in this context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of binary seed mixtures of ryegrass, cocksfoot and tall fescue on pasture production

Stevens¹,

Hickey²

2000

ProNZG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study measured total dry matter production and botanical composition of binary mixtures of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), as a replacement series in proportions of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 from June 1987 until May 1993. The binary mixtures were sown in March 1986 with white clover, on an occasionally drought affected Kaweku silt loam, with an average annual rainfall of 750 mm near Riversdale, in Southland. Mixtures with ryegrass were allowed a 6-month establishment period before ryegrass was overdrilled in early October 1986. Total yields of ryegrass/cocksfoot mixtures increased as ryegrass seeding rate increased. Clover yields were generally unaffected. Mixtures of cocksfoot/tall fescue produced more sown grass than either species sown alone. This lowered clover and other grass yields, resulting in no total dry matter yield improvement in mixtures compared to pure sowings. Tall fescue/ ryegrass mixtures were competitive in winter and spring with lower total yields than either species sown alone. This competition also lowered other grass yields. During summer and autumn the total production increased as the amount of ryegrass increased. Seed mixtures with two perennial temperate pasture grasses did not provide any extra pasture production in a cool temperate environment under infrequent hard grazing management. The best choice for the region would be the grass that provided the greatest dry matter yield. Other components such as clover may be reduced when mixing grasses. Keywords: cocksfoot, competition, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, mixtures, pasture yield, replacement series, ryegrass, tall fescue, white clover

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of pastures sown with several grass and legume species has been a practice long associated with grassland farming (Charlton 1991). The concept is that a balance of pasture species will be reached that produce well under the conditions that prevail in each microclimate across each field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of binary seed mixtures of ryegrass, cocksfoot and tall fescue on pasture production

Stevens¹,

Hickey²

2000

ProNZG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This study (Table 2) demonstrated that application of fertilizer resulted in a considerable reduction in the size of the germinated grass seed population, but had no measurable effect on the legume or weed. The reason for a reduced size of the germinated grass seed population in the fertilized treatment was probably because the previous (1989–93) history of fertilizer application in the treatment may have restrained the growth of low‐fertility species such as browntop and sweet vernal grass, which produce small but abundant seeds ( Charlton, 1991). This was supported by the finding of Lambert et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the population of germinated seed in a hill pasture during and after a pastoral fallow

Nie

Barker

Valentine

et al. 1999

Grass and Forage Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A pastoral fallow, which involves no defoliation of pasture for a period, generally from spring to autumn, is a management tool that can be used either to reduce plant population density through self-thinning prior to oversowing improved plant germplasm or to encourage natural reseeding in order to increase sward persistence and productivity. Two ®eld experiments were carried out in a hill pasture in New Zealand to quantify the response of the seed population, germinated from soil plugs under glasshouse conditions for over 7 months, to pastoral fallow, as in¯uenced by the timing and duration of the fallow, fertilizer application and aspect, and to identify the germination patterns of different plant species in fallowed and grazed swards. A spring± autumn pastoral fallow increased the germinated seed population of grasses, legumes and weeds by 161%, 51% and 59%, respectively, compared with the grazed control. The variation in germinated seed population during the pastoral fallow showed that seed quantity can be controlled by manipulating the timing and duration of a pastoral fallow. Short duration (2±3 month) pastoral fallows resulted in a signi®cantly lower germinated grass seed population than the full (spring±autumn) fallows. Fertilizer application reduced the germinated grass seed population by 26%. The germinated legume seed population was higher with a shady than a sunny aspect. Regression analysis revealed that the germination patterns of all plant species followed a negative exponential function. Partial differentiation of this function derived a germination rate curve on which a two-pool (ephemeral pool and base pool) model was developed to describe quantitatively the dynamics of germinable seed reserves in the soil.

show abstract

“…Grasslands Kara cocksfoot was bred specifically as a grass for dairy pastures (Rumba11 1982). It has therefore been recommended that these species be sown as either single or as mixed grass species swards (Charlton 1992;Moloney 1992) in dairying areas prone to summer dry periods and grass grub damage. Lucerne and conventional insecticides have proven ineffective in combating persistent grass grub and summer dry problems in South Taranaki (Thomson et al 1985), so use of alternative pasture species may be beneficial.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of tall fescue, phalaris and cocksfoot in mixes as an alternative to single-species pastures

Johnson¹,

Na²,

McCallum³

et al. 1994

ProNZG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seasonal and annual dry matter production of ryegrass was compared with drought- and grass grub-tolerant species Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Grasslands Maru phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and Grasslands Kara cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) as both single species and different combinations of mixes in two trials from 1982 to 1991. In trial 1, Nui ryegrass (damaged by Argentine stem weevil) produced significantly less than cocksfoot, phalaris and mixtures of the drought-tolerant grasses. Yatsyn-1 ryegrass in trial 2 was not subjected to stem weevil attack and the annual dry matter production was significantly higher than that of tall fescue and, although not significantly, higher than that of phalaris and cocksfoot. In both trials the highest producing mixture was the phalaris/ cocksfoot mix with the exception of the triple mix of phalaris/cocksfoot/tall fescue in trial 2. The phalaris/cocksfoot mix produced significantly more than phalaris as a single species and although not significant, 14% more than cocksfoot suggesting these species are complementary in a mix. The triple mix in trial 2 produced significantly more than all single species except ryegrass. Mixes of srgnificant. tall fescue/phalaris and tall fescue/cocksfoot had no advantage in DM production over single-species sowings of phalaris or cocksfoot, but improved yields over tall fescue. These results show possible complementary effects to sowing phalaris and cocksfoot. The addition of tall fescue to the mix had small and non-significant benefits. Keywords: Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Loliumperenne, Phalaris aquatica. grass grub, pasture mixes, pasture production, single species, summer dry spells

show abstract

Some basic concepts of pasture seed mixtures for New Zealand farms

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of binary seed mixtures of ryegrass, cocksfoot and tall fescue on pasture production

Effects of binary seed mixtures of ryegrass, cocksfoot and tall fescue on pasture production

Changes in the population of germinated seed in a hill pasture during and after a pastoral fallow

An evaluation of tall fescue, phalaris and cocksfoot in mixes as an alternative to single-species pastures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About