FLD, especially NAFLD, is prevalent in South China. There are many risk factors for FLD.

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A pastoral fallow, which involves no defoliation of pasture for a period, generally from spring to autumn, is a management tool that can be used either to reduce plant population density through self-thinning prior to oversowing improved plant germplasm or to encourage natural reseeding in order to increase sward persistence and productivity. Two ®eld experiments were carried out in a hill pasture in New Zealand to quantify the response of the seed population, germinated from soil plugs under glasshouse conditions for over 7 months, to pastoral fallow, as in¯uenced by the timing and duration of the fallow, fertilizer application and aspect, and to identify the germination patterns of different plant species in fallowed and grazed swards. A spring± autumn pastoral fallow increased the germinated seed population of grasses, legumes and weeds by 161%, 51% and 59%, respectively, compared with the grazed control. The variation in germinated seed population during the pastoral fallow showed that seed quantity can be controlled by manipulating the timing and duration of a pastoral fallow. Short duration (2±3 month) pastoral fallows resulted in a signi®cantly lower germinated grass seed population than the full (spring±autumn) fallows. Fertilizer application reduced the germinated grass seed population by 26%. The germinated legume seed population was higher with a shady than a sunny aspect. Regression analysis revealed that the germination patterns of all plant species followed a negative exponential function. Partial differentiation of this function derived a germination rate curve on which a two-pool (ephemeral pool and base pool) model was developed to describe quantitatively the dynamics of germinable seed reserves in the soil.

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