Some Biological Effects Produced by Benzimidazole and Their Reversal by Purines

Woolley, D. W.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)72045-0

Cited by 211 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…). Other metabolite antagonists Woolley (1944a). found benzimidazole to inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Endomyces vernalis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of the fungi [by] Virgil Greene Lilly [and] Horace L. Barnett.

Lilly¹

1951

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PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FUNGI previous knowledge. Organization and interpretation of facts are equally as important as the experimentation which reveals them.The fungi as a group are highly responsive to their environment and are thus excellent test organisms for inquiring into the secrets of nature.Nature always answers correctly the questions we ask, and, in this sense, no experiment is a failure, although we may fail to ask the question we intended, or we may misunderstand the answer given. Infinite care is required to frame a question so that a definite answer may be obtained. By observing fungi in nature we are limited to questions asked by nature.Commonly, the environmental and nutritional factors are so complex that the influence of a single variable cannot be evaluated. By controlling the conditions under which a fungus is placed in the laboratory it is possible to ask questions of great precision. Indeed, the number and scope of the questions which we may ask fungi are limited only by the present-day techniques and the curiosity of the investigator.Since most of our knowledge of the physiology of the fungi has been gained from laboratory investigations, the experimental approach will be emphasized in the discussions which follow. However, this choice is not meant to minimize the importance of and need for critical observations in nature.By emphasizing the results of careful laboratory research, we are better able in the following chapters to present the facts necessary for an understanding of the vital principles of fungus physiology, and also to show that these principles, theories, and hypotheses are founded upon experimental evidence. FUNGUS PHYSIOLOGY IN RELATION TO OTHER SCIENCESPhysiology is that branch of science which deals with the life processes or the activities of organisms. The activities of the whole organism or of any of its parts may be hmited by its form or structure. Both the activity and the form of an individual are determined to a great extent by its genetic constitution and are modified by the environment to which the organism is exposed. Physiology, therefore, is not an independent subject.An understanding of physiological principles is based, in part, upon facts and theories from many other fields of science, such as chemistry, physics, anatomy, cytology, bacteriology, and genetics. Many of the physiological principles which have been established for one group of organisms apply equally well to other groups. The vitamins essential to the normal growth of the fungi are the same as those required by man, animals, and the higher plants. The general functions of these vitamins appear to be the same in all organisms. The difference in the vitamin requirements seems to lie in the different abilities of these groups of organisms (or individuals within the group) to synthesize these necessary compounds. As Schopfer (1943) has pointed out, the The life processes of the fungi involve numerous chemical transformations.Living organisms make and use special organic catalysts, enzymes, which control ...

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“…). Other metabolite antagonists Woolley (1944a). found benzimidazole to inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Endomyces vernalis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of the fungi [by] Virgil Greene Lilly [and] Horace L. Barnett.

Lilly¹

1951

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“…Woolley originally reported the antifungal activity of an azole derivative in 1944 [63], but it was not until the early 1970s that this drug was subjected to a comprehensive assessment. Fluconazole (FLC), Itraconazole (ITC), Voriconazole (VCZ), Posaconazole, and Ravuconazole are examples of synthetic compounds that include one or more azole rings with three nitrogen atoms in a five-membered ring (as antifungal triazoles) (Figure 2).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Antifungal Triazolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Recent Overview of 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Hybrids as Novel Antifungal Agents: Focusing on Synthesis, Mechanism of Action, and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR)

Marzi

Farjam

Kazeminejad

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemistry

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A pharmacophore system has been found as 1,2,3-triazole, a five-membered heterocycle ring with nitrogen heteroatoms. These heterocyclic compounds can be produced using azide-alkyne cycloaddition processes catalyzed by ruthenium or copper. The bioactive compounds demonstrated antitubercular, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, and antidiabetic properties. This heterocycle molecule, in particular, with one or more 1,2,3-triazole cores has been found to have the most powerful antifungal effects. The goal of this review is to highlight recent developments in the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigation of this prospective fungicidal chemical. Also there have been explained drugs and mechanism of action of a triazole compound with antifungal activity. This review will be useful in a variety of fields, including medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, mycology, and pharmacology.

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“…Back in 1940s, benzimidazole was speculated to act similarly as purines to provide biological responses and the first investigation on biological activity of benzimidazole nucleus was reported in 1944 ( Woolley, 1944 ). Interest among the researchers about the synthetic procedure of benzimidazole and its derivatives escalated when Brink et al ( Brink and Folkers, 1949 ; Emerson et al, 1950 ) found that 5,6-dimethylbenzimidaozle was a degradation product of vitamin B 12 and some of its derivatives also possessed vitamin B 12 like activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Account on Recent Progress in Pharmacological Activities of Benzimidazole Derivatives

et al. 2021

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Nowadays, nitrogenous heterocyclic molecules have attracted a great deal of interest among medicinal chemists. Among these potential heterocyclic drugs, benzimidazole scaffolds are considerably prevalent. Due to their isostructural pharmacophore of naturally occurring active biomolecules, benzimidazole derivatives have significant importance as chemotherapeutic agents in diverse clinical conditions. Researchers have synthesized plenty of benzimidazole derivatives in the last decades, amidst a large share of these compounds exerted excellent bioactivity against many ailments with outstanding bioavailability, safety, and stability profiles. In this comprehensive review, we have summarized the bioactivity of the benzimidazole derivatives reported in recent literature (2012–2021) with their available structure-activity relationship. Compounds bearing benzimidazole nucleus possess broad-spectrum pharmacological properties ranging from common antibacterial effects to the world’s most virulent diseases. Several promising therapeutic candidates are undergoing human trials, and some of these are going to be approved for clinical use. However, notable challenges, such as drug resistance, costly and tedious synthetic methods, little structural information of receptors, lack of advanced software, and so on, are still viable to be overcome for further research.

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Some Biological Effects Produced by Benzimidazole and Their Reversal by Purines

Cited by 211 publications

References 10 publications

Physiology of the fungi [by] Virgil Greene Lilly [and] Horace L. Barnett.

Physiology of the fungi [by] Virgil Greene Lilly [and] Horace L. Barnett.

A Recent Overview of 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Hybrids as Novel Antifungal Agents: Focusing on Synthesis, Mechanism of Action, and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR)

A Comprehensive Account on Recent Progress in Pharmacological Activities of Benzimidazole Derivatives

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