Some Characteristics of Those Who Hold Positive and Negative Attitudes Toward Homosexuals

MacDonald, A. P.; Games, Richard G.

doi:10.1300/j082v01n01_02

Cited by 132 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…Recent research (Loftus 2001), as well as many studies that were done in the early 1970s (e.g., Levitt andKlassen 1974, MacDonald andGames 1974), suggests that the attitudes of heterosexuals in the United States toward gay men and lesbians, at least in terms of their civil rights, is increasingly becoming more progressive. We suggest, based on our case study of Whitebread, that those attitudes may represent surface level beliefs that reflect individuals' attempt to mirror in themselves America's theme of false egalitarianism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surveys, for instance, have typically demonstrated that heterosexuals respond that gay men and lesbians should have the same civil rights and liberties as everyone else in society (Loftus 2001;MacDonald and Games 1974), with very few exceptions (Wolfe 1998). The current trend in many corporate and government policies, as well as media coverage, in the United States seems to confirm those findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Working Class Masculinity: Keeping Gay Men and Lesbians out of the Workplace

2007

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Recent survey research suggests that heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbian and gay rights have become more progressive. However, we find in our research that negative attitudes and barriers against gay men and lesbians in workplaces still remain. Our project represents one case study of hidden animosity toward homosexuals, which varies from "overt disgust" to "don't ask, don't tell" policies that reinforce negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. As such, we contend that attitudes toward lesbian and gay rights are not becoming more progressive; instead various methods of discrimination are increasingly being used to exclude gay men and lesbians from the workplace. We argue that White working class men have constructed and maintained a form of White male solidarity, a collective practice directed toward women, People of Color, and non-heterosexuals that maintains racism, sexism, and homophobia in the local, national, and global context.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Class Masculinity: Keeping Gay Men and Lesbians out of the Workplace

2007

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“…Such arguments occasionally drew on minoritizing frameworks by making analogies between anti-homosexual prejudice and anti-Black racism. For example, MacDonald and Games (1974) suggested that approaches to psychological inquiry that were "almost exclusively restricted to blacks [sic] and the poor… should be extended to include other discriminated against groups" (p. 10). In other words, antiracist work provided an available model for understanding homophobia as a form of intergroup prejudice.…”

Section: Measuring Anti-homosexual Prejudice I: Gay Liberation and Unmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Homosexual Prejudice… as Opposed to What?

Hegarty

Massey

2006

Journal of Homosexuality

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This article uses Sedgwick's distinction between minoritizing and universalizing theories of sexuality to analyze variability in social psychologists' studies of anti-homosexual prejudice, focusing on studies of attitudes. Anti-homosexual prejudice was initially defined in conversation with gay liberationists and presumed, among other things, that fear of homoerotic potential was present in all persons. Later social psychologists theorized anti-homosexual prejudice in strict minoritizing terms: as prejudice towards a distinct out-group. In the first section of this paper we discuss corresponding shifts in the conceptualization of anti-homosexual attitudes. Next, using a universalizing framework, we re-interpret experiments on behavioral aspects of anti-homosexual attitudes which were originally conceptualized using a minoritizing framework, and suggest avenues for future research. Finally, we examine how queer theory might enrich this area of social psychological inquiry by challenging assumptions about the politics of doing scientific work and the utility of identity-based sexual politics.

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“…For instance, a consistent finding has been a significant positive relation between homophobia and authoritarianism (low tolerance of ambiguity, high cognitive rigidity, and adherence to authority over individual freedom; Herek, 1984;MacDonald & Games, 1974;Smith, 1971;Wylies & Forest, 1992). Homophobia has also been associated with traditional gender role attitudes (i.e., maintaining a clear and traditional distinction between the sexes, and between what is thought to be "male" and "female;" Aguero et al, 1984;Hudson & Ricketts, 1980;Smith, 1971), and with religious conservatism (Agnew, Thompson, Smith, Gramzow, & Currey, 1993;Forstein, 1988;Fyfe, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of Homophobia in an Italian Sample

2005

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Homophobia has not been systematically studied by Italian social scientists. This study was an initial investigation of the nature of homophobia among Italians, using an Italian version of a scale measuring the construct, and investigated personality and other factors related to homophobia. We examined (1) whether a male military personnel group had more homophobic attitudes than a group of comparably aged male university students; (2) whether personal characteristics and personality factors were correlated with homophobia; and (3) whether there were gender differences in homophobia between male and female university students. Male officers of the Italian Marine Corps were compared to male university students of the same age with respect to homophobia and personality characteristics. In addition, a sample of male university students was compared to female students. The instruments used were the Italian versions of the Modern Homophobia Scale (MHS) and the 16 Personality Factor Inventory (16 PF). Results showed significantly higher homophobia among the military personnel than among male students. Consistent with previous research, male university students demonstrated more negative attitudes towards gay and lesbian people than female students.

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Some Characteristics of Those Who Hold Positive and Negative Attitudes Toward Homosexuals

Cited by 132 publications

References 0 publications

Working Class Masculinity: Keeping Gay Men and Lesbians out of the Workplace

Working Class Masculinity: Keeping Gay Men and Lesbians out of the Workplace

Anti-Homosexual Prejudice… as Opposed to What?

The Evaluation of Homophobia in an Italian Sample

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