Protestant Ethic Scale was administered to 101 (70 females and 31 males) undergraduate students. As predicted, endorsement of the Protestant Ethic was significantly related to negative attitudes toward the poor and opposition to a guaranteed minimum annual income, as measured by A. P. MacDonald's Poverty Scale. Endorsement of the Protestant Ethic was positively related to authoritarianism and J. E. Rotter's internal locus of control (the latter for males only). A modified format and scoring procedure for M. Rokeach's instrumental and terminal values lists yielded results which are interpreted as evidence for the construct validity of the Protestant Ethic Scale and the distinctions made by Rokeach. For example, values such as a Comfortable Life, Equality, Exciting Life, and Pleasure were found to be negatively related, and Ambition, Self-Control, and Salvation positively related to scores on the Protestant Ethic Scale. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed

No abstract

Summary It was hypothesized that subjects having external locus of control orientations (E's) would conform to both subtle and overt influence attempts, whereas internals (I's) would react against such attempts 144 undergraduate students (72 of each sex) rated a proposed grading procedure pre‐ and postinfluence Data were analyzed in a completely crossed and balanced 3‐way factorial design, which included 3 levels of locus of control (I's, middles, and E's), 3 levels of influence (no, low, and high), and 2 levels of sex (male and female) Results showed that E's conformed to both levels of influence and I's reacted against high influence I's were not responsive to low influence

Just as there is now a shift in emphasis in regard to other minority groups (e.g., the nonpoor are being studied in order to make possible needed and desired changes for the poor; Mac-Donald, 1973), the time is perhaps right to study the sources of the nonhomosexual's attitudes toward homosexuality.Despite repeated negative findings, researchers continue to look for data to substantiate the belief that homosexuals are abnormal. The explanation for such persistance may lie more in the nature, needs, and values of the nonhomosexual than in a commitment to objective scientific investigation.The present investigation tests the differential power of explanation offered by two hypotheses about the sources of negative attitudes toward homosexuality: (a) Attitudes are determined by conservative standards of sex morality. (&) Attitudes are determined by a need to preserve a double standard; that is, we may condemn the homosexual ("pansy," "fairy," "butch") in order to reduce sex-role confusion.The 5s were 101 (47 male and 57 female) university students and faculty (mean age = 27-28 years) who were administered (a) the Intimacy Permissiveness Scale (Christensen & Carpenter, 1962), ( 6) the Premarital Sexual Permissiveness Scale (Reiss, 1964), Male and Female forms, (c) a sex-role survey (S-RS), a 22-item Likert-type scale designed to measure support for equality between the sexes, and (d) the Attitude toward Homosexuality Scale (ATHS) developed by MacDonald and Huggins (presented