Some Conditions of the Effect of Relative Size on Perceived Relative Distance

Epstein, William; Franklin, Samuel S.

doi:10.2307/1420582

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Across conditions the larger stimulus figure appeared closer a greater proportion of time. This is due to the effect of relative size, and the results confirm the findings of many studies showing this effect (Epstein, 1961;Epstein & Baratz, 1964;Epstein & Franklin, 1965;Gogel et al, 1957;Hochberg & Hochberg, 1952;Hochberg & McAlister, 1955).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Apparent distance as a function of familiar size.

Ono¹

1969

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Three experiments, which presented familiar figures in a two-dimensional reversible screen, were designed to test the hypothesis that familiar size can serve as a cue to perceived distance if object connotations are sufficiently potent. In Exp. I, 24 5s received experimental manipulation to enhance object connotations of stimuli used in Hochberg and Hochberg's (19S2) study, but not the other 24 5s. For 5s who received the experimental treatment, familiar size was effective in determining apparent distance. In Exp. II, using 48 5s, the effect was shown when stimuli with stronger object connotations were employed. Exp. Ill, also using 48 5s, indicated that the effect of familiar size, when placed against the effect of relative size, can weaken the effect of relative size.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Apparent distance as a function of familiar size.

Ono¹

1969

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Object familiarity is a cue that humans and other animals use to judge depth. For example, previous experience with coins leads humans to judge a large dime as closer than a small quarter (Epstein & Franklin, 1965), but further research has demonstrated that familiar size is much less important than other more subtle cues (e.g., motion parallax; see Maflin, 1988). Similarly, although Morton is correct in suggesting that songbirds may use familiarity with conspecific vocalizations to judge distance, it is also clear that other cues such as frequency attenuation and reverberation are probably more important In other words, animals judge distance to an acoustic source mainly on what they know about how distance degrades sound and less on what they know about the source (template) of the vocalization.…”

Section: Ranging Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of auditory distance cues by black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata).

Phillmore¹,

Sturdy²,

Ramsay³

et al. 1998

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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The authors examined auditory distance perception using a go/no-go operant discrimination task in the laboratory. They taught male black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to discriminate degraded (far) from undegraded (near) versions of male chickadee songs and female zebra finch calls, showing for the 1st time that males can discriminate distance cues in heterospecific vocalizations and in female calls. Chickadees learned faster than zebra finches, and both species learned to discriminate chickadee songs faster than zebra finch calls. Chickadees more than zebra finches attended to amplitude in tests pitting it against other distance cues, demonstrating that amplitude is a potentially useful cue for estimating distance from vocalizations.

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“…occlusion and spatial derivative information about the 3-D layout(Andersen 1996;Brenner et al 1996;Epstein and Franklin 1965;Simpson 1988;1993).4 One possible solution to this problem (suggested by an anonymous reviewer) would be to adopt a signal detection approach in future vection research. Using such an approach, one would be able to differentiate the observer's sensitivity to visual self-motion information from his/her response bias during the experiment (based on extraneous factors, such as his/her expectations of self-motion, motivation for performing the task, etc).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3)(3) Jitter might have provided more optimal motion parallax information about relative distance. Similarly, changing-size cues should provide extra relative size, kinetic occlusion, and spatial derivative information about the three-dimensional layout(Andersen 1996;Brenner et al 1996;Epstein and Franklin 1965;Simpson 1988Simpson , 1993.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Jitter and Size Effects on Vection are Immune to Experimental Instructions and Demands

Palmisano

Chan

2004

Perception

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Both coherent perspective jitter and explicit changing-size cues have been shown to improve the vection induced by radially expanding optic flow. We examined whether these stimulus-based vection advantages could be modified by altering cognitions and/or expectations about both the likelihood of self-motion perception and the purpose of the experiment. In the main experiment, participants were randomly assigned into two groups-one where the cognitive conditions biased participants towards self-motion perception and another where the cognitive conditions biased them towards object-motion perception. Contrary to earlier findings by Lepecq et al (1995 Perception 24 435-449), we found that identical visual displays were less likely to induce vection in 'object-motion-bias' conditions than in 'self-motion bias' conditions. However, significant jitter and size advantages for vection were still found in both cognitive conditions (cognitive bias effects were greatest for non-jittering same-size control displays). The current results suggest that if a sufficiently large vection advantage can be produced when participants are expecting to experience self-motion, it is likely to persist in object-motion-bias conditions.

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Some Conditions of the Effect of Relative Size on Perceived Relative Distance

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Apparent distance as a function of familiar size.

Apparent distance as a function of familiar size.

Discrimination of auditory distance cues by black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata).

Jitter and Size Effects on Vection are Immune to Experimental Instructions and Demands

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