Some Early Literature on Addiction, With Special Reference to Tobacco *

Bishop, W. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1949.tb05076.x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It was even used by the clergy during Holy Communion, resulting in various Popes forbidding its use in church on pain of excommunication. It is said that in Russia and Persia offenders had their nostrils slit or noses cut off (Singer, 1913;Castiglioni, 1943 a, b;Bishop, 1949;Watt, 1953;Wilson, 1957).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unusual case of nicotine dependence

Edwards

1987

Psychol. Med.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unusual case of nicotine dependence

Edwards

1987

Psychol. Med.

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“…Thereafter the effect of tobacco on health was continually under debate in medical circles, but the influence of pessimists tended to be neutralized hy the rival school of thought claiming that smoking brought positive advantages to health. In Victorian medical periodicals the tobacco smoking debate wasjoined by leading medical authorities [7]. It is difficult to discern a trend, but gradually faith in the positive benefits of smoking tended to devolve on to vague forms of psychological satisfaction, whereas the adverse effects were identified in more specific ways.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tobacco Smoking Addiction: A Challenge to the National Health Service

Webster

1984

British Journal of Addiction

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Pioneer researches concerning the connection between the smoking addiction and lung cancer provided the National Health Service with its first major test in the field of preventive medicine. It is instructive to examine how this problem was handled in the period 1950 to 1962. The NHS legislation of 1946 envisaged that the new service would take on an active preventive role and that it would respond flexibly to new demands. At the heart of the new central administration was an elaboraU professional advisory machinery designed precisely for the purpose of ensuring prompt response to new needs.The connection between smoking and lung cancer became a live issue in the immediate post-war period through the researches of Kennaway sponsored by the British Empire Research Campaign. This work was carried to a striking conclusion in the epidemiological context by Doll and Hill in 1950. Subsequent investigations strongly supported their conclusions.Within the Ministry of Health smoking and lung cancer was the prerogative of the Cancer Standing Advisory CommitUeJor which this problem was an uncongenial side issue. Positive action was precluded by strong objections within the Cancer SAC to 'cancer education'. A vociferous minority within the advisory structure campaigned to generate a more positive attitude, but once formed there was great reluctance to modify, let alone reverse, medical policy decisions. Eventually the unresponsive Cancer SA C was by-passed. The more prestigious and broadly based Medical SAC and the Central Health Services Council gradually awoke to the importance of this issue. Crucial to keeping this issue alive was the increasing publicity in the press which resulted in persisUnt parliamentary questioning.Complete conversion was rendered more difficult by virtue of lack of sympathy of Ministers and officials within the Ministry of Health. MRC generally supported the work of Doll and Hill, but a strongly positive and independent line would have prejudiced relations with the Ministry of Health. A distinct change in the official attitude awaited the 1962 report of the Royal College of Physicians, after which further procrastination seemed inadmissible. But even then, after 12years of inactivity, the National Health Service was not mobilized to make smoking and health a major issue on its ageruia.

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Tobacco Smoking Addiction: A Challenge to the National Health Service

Webster

1984

British Journal of Addiction

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Summary Pioneer researches concerning the connection between the smoking addiction and lung cancer provided the National Health Service with its first major test in the field of preventive medicine. It is instructive to examine how this problem was handled in the period 1950 to 1962. The NHS legislation of 1946 envisaged that the new service would take on art active preventive role and that it would respond flexibly to new demands. At the heart of the new central administration was an elaborate professional advisory machinery designed precisely for the purpose of ensuring prompt response to new needs. The connection between smoking and lung cancer became a live issue in the immediate post‐war period through the researches of Kennaway sponsored by the British Empire Research Campaign. This work was carried to a striking conclusion in the epidemiological context by Doll and Hill in 1950. Subsequent investigations strongly supported their conclusions. Within the Ministry of Health smoking and lung cancer was the prerogative of the Cancer Standing Advisory Committee, for which this problem was an uncongenial side issue. Positive action was precluded by strong objections within the Cancer SAC to‘cancer education'. A vociferous minority within the advisory structure campaigned to generate a more positive attitude, but once formed there was great reluctance to modify, let alone reverse, medical policy decisions. Eventually the unresponsive Cancer SAC was by‐passed. The more prestigious and broadly based Medical SAC and the Central Health Services Council gradually awoke to the importance of this issue. Crucial to keeping this issue alive was the increasing publicity in the press which resulted in persistent parliamentary questioning. Complete conversion was rendered more difficult by virtue of lack of sympathy of Ministers and officials within the Ministry of Health. MRC generally supported the work of Doll and Hill, but a strongly positive and independent line would have prejudiced relations with the Ministry of Health. A distinct change in the official attitude awaited the 1962 report of the Royal College of Physicians, after which further procrastination seemed inadmissible. But even then, after 12years of inactivity, the National Health Service was not mobilized to make smoking and health a major issue on its agenda.

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Some Early Literature on Addiction, With Special Reference to Tobacco *

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

An unusual case of nicotine dependence

An unusual case of nicotine dependence

Tobacco Smoking Addiction: A Challenge to the National Health Service

Tobacco Smoking Addiction: A Challenge to the National Health Service

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