Some Effects of a Model's Performance on an Observer's Electromyographic Activity

Berger, Seymour M.; Hadley, Suzanne W.

doi:10.2307/1421596

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We used hand and foot actions that not only are routinely performed by both effectors, but that also share a high degree of spatial-configural overlap, in order to dissociate the effects of body part observation from those of movement observation. Our findings extend those of previous behavioral studies on body part priming Bach et al, 2007;Berger and Hadley, 1975) by showing that it occurs even when actions are matched on the movement dimension, and by demonstrating that body part priming gives rise to automatic imitation.…”

Section: Body Part Priming and Somatotopy In The Mirror Neuron Systemsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Experience-based priming of body parts: A study of action imitation

et al. 2008

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Abstract:Two important dimensions of action are the movement and the body part with which the movement is effected. Experiment 1 tested whether automatic imitation is sensitive to the body part dimension of action. We found that hand and foot movements were selectively primed by observation of a corresponding, task-irrelevant effector in motion.Experiment 2 used this body part priming effect to investigate the role of sensorimotor learning in the development of imitation. The results showed that incompatible training, in which observation of hand movements was paired with execution of foot movements and vice versa, led to a greater reduction in body part priming than compatible training, in which subjects experienced typical contingencies between observation and execution of hand and foot movements. These findings are consistent with the assumption that overt behavioral imitation is mediated by the mirror neuron system, which is somatotopically organized. Our results also support the hypothesis that the development of imitation and the mirror neuron system are driven by correlated sensorimotor learning. Section: Cognitive and behavioral neuroscience

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Section: Body Part Priming and Somatotopy In The Mirror Neuron Systemsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Akins and Zentall, 1996;Bach and Tipper, 2007;Berger and Hadley, 1975;Dawson and Foss, 1965;Voelkl and Huber, 2000), but, on closer examination, it becomes clear that none of these studies isolated the effects of effector observation from those of movement observation.…”

Section: The Mirror Neuron System and Imitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience-based priming of body parts: A study of action imitation

et al. 2008

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“…Allers and Scheminzky (1926) recorded electromyographic (EMG) activity of human participants while they imagined performing certain actions, and the experimenters were able to ''guess'' the imagined action from the amplified, audible signal (see also Jacobson, 1932;Wehner, Vogt, & Stadler, 1984). Berger and Hadley (1975) studied EMG correlates of action observation and found that arm EMG activity was stronger when participants watched wrestling actions, and that lip EMG activity was stronger for stuttering. Although the phenomenon of motor involvement during representing actions, either via imagery or during observation, was thus known for a long time, its cortical mechanisms were left unspecified by these early studies.…”

Section: Mirror Neurons In the Macaque Monkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

From visuo-motor interactions to imitation learning: Behavioural and brain imaging studies

Vogt

Thomaschke

2007

Journal of Sports Sciences

144

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We review three areas of research and theory relating to the involvement of motor processing in action observation: behavioural studies on imitation learning, behavioural work on short-term visuomotor interactions, and related neurophysiological and neuroimaging work. A large number of behavioural studies now indicate bi-directional links between perception and action: visual processing can automatically induce related motor processes, and motor actions can direct future visual processing. The related concept of direct matching (Rizzolatti et al., 2001) does not, however, imply that observed actions are transduced into a corresponding motor representation that would guarantee an instant and accurate imitation. Rather, studies on the mirror neuron system indicate that action observation engages the observer's own motor prototype of the observed action. This allows for enhanced action recognition, imitation recognition, and, predominantly in humans, imitation and observational learning. Despite the clear impact of action observation on motor representations, recent neuroimaging work also indicates the overlap of imitation learning with processes of non-imitative skill acquisition.

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“…For example, an observer with a foot shaking model may be more likely to perform a variety of foot movements -not just foot shaking -than an observer with a face-rubbing model, and this difference may be greater when the observers have more positive social attitudes. Non-specific effects of this kind are known in the motor control literature as 'effector priming' (Bach & Tipper, 2007;Berger & Hadley, 1975;Gillmeister, Catmur, Brass & Heyes, in press). …”

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confidence: 99%

Social attitudes modulate automatic imitation

Leighton

Bird

Orsini

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

160

157

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In naturalistic interpersonal settings, mimicry or 'automatic imitation' generates liking, affiliation, cooperation and other positive social attitudes. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the relationship between social attitudes and mimicry is bidirectional: Do social attitudes have a direct and specific effect on mimicry? Participants were primed with pro-social, neutral or anti-social words in a scrambled sentence task. They were then tested for mimicry using a stimulusresponse compatibility procedure. In this procedure, participants were required to perform a pre-specified movement (e.g. opening their hand) on presentation of a compatible (open) or incompatible (close) hand movement. Reaction time data were collected using electromyography (EMG) and the magnitude of the mimicry / automatic imitation effect was calculated by subtracting reaction times on compatible trials from those on incompatible trials. Pro-social priming produced a larger automatic imitation effect than anti-social priming, indicating that the relationship between mimicry and social attitudes is bidirectional, and that social attitudes have a direct and specific effect on the tendency to imitate behavior without intention or conscious awareness.Keywords: mimicry, priming, attitudes, automatic imitation 2 There is evidence that unconscious mimicry 1 promotes smooth and harmonious social interactions and strengthens social relationships (Chartrand & Bargh, 1999;Lakin & Chartrand, 2003). It has been demonstrated that, when people are not aware that their behavior is being copied, being mimicked increases rapport (Chartrand & Bargh, 1999), feelings of closeness (van Baaren, Holland, Karremans & van Knippenberg, 2003), altruistic behavior (van Baaren, Holland, Kawakami, & van Knippenberg, 2004) and trust (Bailenson & Yee, 2005). In a study where half the participants were mimicked by a confederate and half were not, participants who were mimicked reported liking the confederate more than those who were not (Chartrand & Bargh, 1999). In another study, waitresses who were instructed to mimic their customers received bigger tips than those who were instructed not to mimic (Van Baaren, Holland, Steenaert, & van Knippenberg, 2003). Thus, a range of studies suggest that unconscious mimicry is linked to increased positive social attitudes.Although the effects of mimicry on social attitudes have been studied extensively (e.g., Bavelas, Black, Lemery, & Mullett, 1986;Chartrand & Bargh, 1999), only a small number of studies have examined the converse relationship -the impact of social attitudes on mimicry. Some early research suggested that among romantic couples there is a correlation between the amount of rapport they feel with each other and the amount of mimicking that takes place during their interactions (Bernieri, 1988; see LaFrance, 1979 see LaFrance, , 1982LaFrance & Broadbent, 1976 for related work). Furthermore, Heider and Skowronski (submitted) have shown that individuals are more likely to mimic those of their own ...

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Some Effects of a Model's Performance on an Observer's Electromyographic Activity

Cited by 55 publications

References 8 publications

Experience-based priming of body parts: A study of action imitation

Experience-based priming of body parts: A study of action imitation

From visuo-motor interactions to imitation learning: Behavioural and brain imaging studies

Social attitudes modulate automatic imitation

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