Some Effects of Amines on Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Antiwear Performance as Measured in 4-Ball Wear Tests

Rounds, Fred G.

doi:10.1080/05698198108983040

Cited by 42 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A lot of investigations have been conducted to evaluate the performances of additive mixtures and to determine the composition of associated tribofilms. Several factors were identified as playing a role: additive structure [1,2], additives concentration [3][4][5][6], base oil nature [7,8], …, or combinations of these parameters. A detailed review on published information on that topic was written by Willermet [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of MoDTC and ZDTP on Frictional Behaviour of Tribofilms at the Nanometer Scale

et al. 2004

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The layered structure and the rheological properties of anti-wear films generated in a rolling/sliding contact from lubricants containing zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDTP) and/or molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) additives have been studied by dynamic nanoindentation experiments coupled with a simple modelling of the stiffness measurements. Local nano-friction experiments were conducted with the same device in order to determine the evolution of the friction coefficient as a function of the applied pressure for the different lubricant formulations. For the MoDTC film, the applied pressure in the friction test remains low (<0.5 GPa) and the apparent friction coefficient is high (µ>0.4). For the tribofilms containing MoDTC together with ZDTP, which permits the applied pressure to increase up to a few GPa through some accommodation process, a very low friction domain appears (0.01<µ<0.05), located a few nanometers below the surface of the tribofilm. This low friction coefficient is attributed to the presence of MoS 2 planes sliding over each other in a favourable configuration obtained when the pressure is sufficiently high, which is made possible by the presence of ZDTP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of MoDTC and ZDTP on Frictional Behaviour of Tribofilms at the Nanometer Scale

et al. 2004

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“…They concluded that primary fatty amine restricts the low shear strength MoS 2 sheets forming on the surface. Rounds [40] investigated the effect of organic friction modifiers, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate anti-wear, metallic detergent and succinimide dispersant on frictional performance in a 4-ball friction tester at different loads and at the temperature of 93℃ for a 52100 steel surface. It was observed that a higher quantity (e.g.…”

Section: Ofmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dispersant Concentration With Friction Modifiers and Anti-Wear Additives on the Tribofilm Composition and Boundary Friction

Umer

Morris

Rahmani

et al. 2021

Journal of Tribology

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To extend drain intervals and improve efficiency new engine oils with increased dispersant concentration and reduced viscosity are required. Low viscosity engine oils can increase the prevalence of boundary friction at low temperature and increase its severity at higher temperatures. As a result, combinations of organic and inorganic friction modifiers (FM) will be used to reduce boundary friction across a range of temperatures, also preventing damage to vehicle catalysts. This paper presents an experimental case study of such new generation of fully-formulated engine lubricants with varying concentrations of polyisobutylene succinimide dispersant, organic and inorganic FM. Representative conditions pertaining to those encountered at the top dead centre reversal of the piston compression ring-cylinder liner contact are created, and the generated friction is measured through use of a sliding-strip tribometer. Subsequently, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is used to determine the composition of the formed surface tribofilms in order to explain the observed frictional characteristics. The key interactions and frictional behaviour of the dispersant and friction modifiers are highlighted across a range of operating temperatures.

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“…These studies examined the synergistic and antagonistic behaviors in various tribological properties in combinations of surface reactive additives [10,15,16]. Narayan [17] reported that a combination of nanoparticle and microparticle treatments for engines enhances fuel efficiency and engine life, and reduces exhaust emissions; the nanoparticles used in this study were chosen from a class of hard materials (alumina, silica, ceria, titania, diamond, cubic boron nitride, and molybdenum oxide), whereas the microparticles were chosen from a class of layer-structured materials (graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, magnesium silicates, and molybdenum disulfide).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Characteristics of Combined Layered Phosphate and Silicate Additives in Mineral Oil

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2011

Tribol Lett

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A mixture containing a-Zr(HPO 4 ) 2 ÁH 2 O, a small particle layered-phosphate, and a-Na 2 Si 2 O 5 , a microparticle-layered silicate, is investigated for its potential as an additive in mineral oil. A four-ball tester is employed to measure the maximum non-seizure load, wear scar diameter, and friction coefficient of the combined additives. Friction and wear tests indicate that synergistic behavior exists between the two base materials; the load capacity, anti-wear, and friction reducing ability of the base oil are markedly increased when the combined materials are added. More important is the combined materials exhibit considerable advantage over typical lubricant additives, such as MoS 2 and graphite, presenting good application prospects as lubricant additives. The X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy results illustrate that the synergistic behavior of the combined material stems from the small a-ZrP particles confined in the valleys of the contacting surfaces that polish the wear surface, as well as the layered a-Na 2 Si 2 O 5 microparticles that effectively fill voids in the wear surface.

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Some Effects of Amines on Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Antiwear Performance as Measured in 4-Ball Wear Tests

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Synergistic Effects of MoDTC and ZDTP on Frictional Behaviour of Tribofilms at the Nanometer Scale

Synergistic Effects of MoDTC and ZDTP on Frictional Behaviour of Tribofilms at the Nanometer Scale

Effect of Dispersant Concentration With Friction Modifiers and Anti-Wear Additives on the Tribofilm Composition and Boundary Friction

Tribological Characteristics of Combined Layered Phosphate and Silicate Additives in Mineral Oil

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