Some Effects of Hypertonic and Hypotonic Solutions on the Livability and Morphology of Bovine Spermatozoa

Pursley, Glenn R.; Herman, Harry August

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(50)91890-x

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Morris (1950) found that the proportion of spermatozoa with bent tails decreased if semen was cooled rapidly, but Salisbury, Willett & Seligman (1942) found that cooled semen showed an increase in these forms. Pursley & Herman (1950) showed that the incidence of spermatozoa with deformed tails increased when semen was diluted with hypotonic media; the results of this study show that this is especially true if spermatozoa are simultaneously protected from the damaging effects of rapid cooling. The results of previous investigations of the incidence of spermatozoa with bent tails may have been invalidated by failure to take precautions against the effects of cooling.…”

Section: Semen Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Semen characteristics and fertility in the bull

Bishop¹,

Campbell²,

Hancock³

et al. 1954

J. Agric. Sci.

112

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1. Certain characteristics of bull semen have been examined at four artificial insemination centres in England. One hundred and twenty-one samples of semen, comprising 168 ejaculates from seventysix bulls of seven breeds, were examined. The semen from 119 tested samples was subsequently used to inseminate 4604 cows.The following semen characteristics were studied: volume of ejaculate; concentration of spermatozoa; incidence of dead spermatozoa; incidence of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa; initial fructose concentration; resistance of spermatozoa to temporature shock; methylene-blue reduction; O2 uptake; fructose utilization; visual evaluation of motility; impedance change frequency; and fertilizing capacity (conception rate).A clinical examination was made of the reproductive organs of each bull.2. Variations in the concentration of living spermatozoa and in the incidence of dead spermatozoa were found to account for most of the variations in the metabolic activity of semon: they also largely explained differences in physical activity as assessed by visual estimation of motility or by impedance change frequency.3. Although the rates of methylene-blue reduction, O2 uptake and fructolysis showed a close correlation with the numbers of living spermatozoa present, O2 uptake and fructolysis per living cell decreased with increasing cell concentration.4. Variations in metabolic activity showed no correlation with variations in the morphological characteristics of the spermatozoa, except in the case of spermatozoa with bent tails. These forms occurred in some samples as a result of staining treatment, but their incidence was positively correlated with the O2 uptake and fructolysis per living cell.5. There was evidence that highly active spermatozoa are more resistant to temperature shock than less active spermatozoa.

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Section: Semen Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Semen characteristics and fertility in the bull

Bishop¹,

Campbell²,

Hancock³

et al. 1954

J. Agric. Sci.

112

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“…On the other hand, spermatocrit experiments and microscopical observations indicate that ejaculated bull spermatozoa do not shrink significantly in hypertonic media (Pursley & Herman, 1950;Lindahl & Kihlström, 1952;Rothschild, 1959). The shrinking of epididymal bull sperm¬ atozoa at strong hypertonicity is also apparent under the microscope: the volume of the cytoplasmic droplet is greatly decreased, its contents being finally tightly pressed against the motor apparatus, from which it can frequently be observed to be shed into the medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Water Content, Specific Gravity and Concentrations of Electrolytes in Bull Spermatozoa

Drevius¹

1972

Reproduction

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The water content of epididymal bull spermatozoa in media of osmolalities corresponding to those of seminal plasma and to the fluids from the cauda epididymidis was determined by a gravimetricvolumetric method as 0\m=.\586\ m=+-\ 0\m=.\0052and 0\m=.\512\m=+-\0\m=.\0086ml per ml of cells, respectively. It was related to the ionic concentrations in mmol/ litre of spermatozoa determined by the conversion of the mean values of the major cations expressed as mequiv./litre, mg/100 g, or mg/100 ml, established by previous authors. The osmolalities of the intracellular fluids were also calculated. They were compared with the osmolalities of the extracellular fluids, the comparison making it possible to perform an introductory analysis of the osmotic-equilibrium states of bull spermatozoa.The calculated osmolality of the cytosol of epididymal spermatozoa was found to be about 40 mosmol less than that of the epididymal fluids. This discrepancy from the state of osmotic equilibrium is not serious when considering the errors, which are probably inherent in the values of both the ion and water-content determinations. The osmolality of the cytosol of ejaculated spermatozoa was calculated as 1\m=.\7times greater than that established for seminal plasma. If the calculated value is reasonably correct, this should imply that, for the existence of identical concentrations of osmotically active particles on both sides of the cell membrane of spermatozoa suspended in seminal plasma, a fraction of the intracellular ions, amounting to about 38%, must be assumed to be 'bound'.

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“…Emmens & Robinson (1962) found that the association between the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa and fertility is greater in rams than in the bulls. However, the variation in the techniques of staining, counting and interpretation of the different types of abnormalities (Willett & Salisbury, 1942;Salisbury & Mercier, 1945;Pursley & Herman, 1950;Symington, 1961) should be considered as factors responsible for some variation in the result obtained by the various authors in the incidence of abnormal spermatozoa in ram semen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation in some characteristics of ejaculated spermatozoa of Sudan Desert sheep in the tropics

Galil

1982

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYThe Sudan Desert sheep are well adapted to the hot tropical climate, are thirst tolerant and can travel for long distances under nomadic conditions in search of water and pasturage. The ejaculate volume, sperm cell concentration, total number of sperms per ejaculate, motility, percentage live and percentage abnormal spermatozoa and the fructolytic index of semen were estimated throughout the hot dry summer (March-June), hot rainy season (July-October) and the winter (November-February). The semen characteristics were normal for about 7 months (May-November) covering the last 2 months in summer, the whole rainy season and the 1st month in winter and deteriorated slightly during the rest of the winter and early summer. Thus the Sudan Desert rams appear to be able to breed throughout the year and their spermatogenesis is not seriously affected by high environmental temperatures.

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Some Effects of Hypertonic and Hypotonic Solutions on the Livability and Morphology of Bovine Spermatozoa

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Semen characteristics and fertility in the bull

Semen characteristics and fertility in the bull

Water Content, Specific Gravity and Concentrations of Electrolytes in Bull Spermatozoa

Seasonal variation in some characteristics of ejaculated spermatozoa of Sudan Desert sheep in the tropics

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