Some effects of nicotine and smoking on metabolic functions

Larson, Paul; Haag, H. B.; Silvette, H.

doi:10.1002/cpt19612180

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…It is thus hard to envisage a mechanism whereby tobacco smoking might produce such an alteration. Nicotine would be a conceivable etiological agent, since it stimulates muscle fibres at the motor endplate and interferes with acetylcholine metabolism (Fischer et al 1960, Larson et al 1961. A disturbance of the normal neuromuscular interaction by such effects might possibly alter the fibre type distribution pattern.…”

Section: Fibre Type Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle metabolism, morphology and function in sedentary smokers and nonsmokers

Örlander

Kiessling

Larsson

1979

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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Smokers and nonsmokers of a homogeneous population of sedentary men have been compared with respect to skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) morphological, metabolic and functional characteristics. The percentage type I fibres was lower and that of type IIB fibres higher in the smokers. Fibre areas were almost equal in the two groups. Muscle oxidative capacity was lowered in the smokers, as judged from decreased mitochondrial enzyme activities and a lowered fibrillar space mitochondrial volume fraction. Isometric and dynamic strengths were lower in the smokers, except at the highest velocity of movement studied. Dynamic strengths expressed in relation to isometric strength were similar at all velocities except the highest, where the smokers were relatively stronger. Muscular endurance, measured in short-term isometric and dynamic tests, was not different. It is suggested that the lowered muscle oxidative capacity and strength in the smokers may be partly a consequence of the different fibre type distribution. A possibly lower physical activity level, and tobacco smoke constituents (e.g. carbon monoxide) may also be instrumental. It is not clear whether the different fibre type distribution in the smokers is an effect of smoking per se, or if background factors are responsible.

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Section: Fibre Type Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle metabolism, morphology and function in sedentary smokers and nonsmokers

Örlander

Kiessling

Larsson

1979

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Endurance Performance

Cooper¹,

Gey²,

Bottenberg³

1968

JAMA

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By means of a 12-minute field test, the effect of cigarette smoking on endurance performance was measured in 419 airmen before and after six weeks of basic training. In 47 airmen, cardiopulmonary indexes also were obtained during maximal treadmill performance. Field testing showed that endurance performance was inversely related to the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the duration of smoking. The training response also was impaired significantly in the smokers. During treadmill studies, smokers had a decrease in respiratory minute volume and a lower oxygen consumption at equivalent heart rates than nonsmokers. Further statistical studies demonstrated not only the independent effect of smoking, but also the effect of prior athletic history and physical characteristics on endurance performance. The latter effects become less significant as physical training progressed.The chronic effect of cigarette smoking on en¬ durance performance has been postulated for many years, but little available information has documented this effect. Several investigators'2 have reported no differences in maximum oxygen con¬ sumption between smokers and nonsmokers of similar age groups when measured during maxi¬ mum effort on a bicycle ergometer. A submaximum treadmill study of 159 young, healthy, male uni¬ versity students also demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the various cardiovascu¬ lar measurements between "never smokers" and "all smokers."3 Another study evaluating work and recovery pulse data for 859 businessmen, students, and railroad workers revealed no evidence of re¬ duced circulatory fitness in smokers. However, when middle-aged subjects with cardiovascular abnor¬ malities are included in the smoking group, the ac¬ tual work-pulse is slightly, but significantly, higher in the smokers.4The acute effects of cigarette smoking on cardiopulmonary function have been investigated more extensively.1,2,56 Briefly, these effects include in¬ creased pulse rate at rest, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, vasoconstriction in the cu¬ taneous vascular bed, and probable reduction in See also pages 193 and 201. the coronary artery blood flow. Changes in the pulmonary function include increased oxygen con¬ sumption at rest, decreased diffusing capacity at rest and with exercise, decreased vital and total lung capacity, and a larger oxygen debt during exercise. Still other investigators have shown that a mild bronchoconstriction, which is insufficient to cause symptoms, occurs in most individuals im¬ mediately after inhalation of cigarette smoke. This persists for 10 to 80 minutes and recurs after the smoking of a second cigarette.7 All of these cardiopulmonary effects, whether they are acute or chron¬ ic, have the potential of affecting both endurance performance and the physiological response to training. Inasmuch as these phenomena have not been tested previously, the purpose of this study has been to determine whether cigarette smoking has any effect, and if so how much, on the endur¬ ance performa...

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Role of tobacco smoking in pharmacokinetics

Jusko

1978

Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics

146

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Some effects of nicotine and smoking on metabolic functions

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Skeletal muscle metabolism, morphology and function in sedentary smokers and nonsmokers

Skeletal muscle metabolism, morphology and function in sedentary smokers and nonsmokers

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Endurance Performance

Role of tobacco smoking in pharmacokinetics

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