Some Forms of Nystagmus Provoked by Stimuli other than Accelerations

Bos, J.H.; Philipszoon, A.J.

doi:10.1159/000274499

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In humans, this tonic oculomotor neck reflex can, like postural reflexes, only be observed in the new born [29] or in rare patients suffering from gross brainstem lesions [36,41], Bikeles and Ruttin [42] were the first to report nystagmus during head rotation in pa tients with complete vestibular loss, which they ascribed to sensory input from neck joints. Frenzel [43] described the 'Schlagfeldverlagerung' as a neck reflex, and Guttich [44] observed cervical nystagmus due to trunk ro tation in healthy humans with normal laby rinthine function, which was later confirmed by others [45][46][47], The gain of the cervicoocular reflex in humans is low ( -0 .3 ) com pared to that of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) [48][49][50]. It is increased in acquired vestibular loss, thereby partially compensat ing (substituting) for the vestibular deficit in the monkey [51] and in humans [52][53][54], In contrast to that of the VOR, the gain of the cervico-ocular reflex is difficult to determine, since it is maximal with velocities of trunk rotation below 5°/s and progressively de creases with increasing velocity of rotation [49], Attempts to define and classify a patho logical cervical nystagmus for the diagnosis of CV [55][56][57] cannot succeed, since cervical nystagmus also occurs in healthy subjects [49,58],…”

Section: Cervico-ocular Reflexmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cervical Vertigo – Reality or Fiction?

Brandt¹

1996

Audiol Neurotol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neck afferents not only assist the coordination of eye, head, and body, but they also affect spatial orientation and control of posture. This implies that stimulation of, or lesions in, these structures can produce cervical vertigo. In fact, unilateral local anesthesia of the upper dorsal cervical roots induces ataxia and nystagmus in animals, and ataxia without nystagmus in humans. If cervical vertigo exists outside these experimental conditions, it is obviously characterized by ataxia and unsteadiness of gait, and not by a clear rotational or linear vertigo. Neurological, vestibular, and psychosomatic disorders must first be excluded before the dizziness and unsteadiness in cervical pain syndromes can be attributed to a cervical origin. To date, however, the syndrome remains only a theoretical possibility awaiting a reliable clinical test to demonstrate its independent existence.

show abstract

Section: Cervico-ocular Reflexmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cervical Vertigo – Reality or Fiction?

Brandt¹

1996

Audiol Neurotol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Vascular derangements and mechanical distortion remained as the main variables. Although postural (particularly neck) mechanisms are known to affect eye movements in normal subjects (Meiry, 1971) and in patients with nervous system diseases (Gray, 1956;Bos, 1962;Bos and Philipszoon, 1963;Biemond and De Jong, 1969), it has not been demonstrated that they influence either saccadic velocities or the organisation of conjugate horizontal gaze.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric head positions reveal disorders of conjugate eye movement.

Gresty¹

1977

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY The effect of head position on conjugate horizontal gaze was studied in healthy adults, in patients with multiple sclerosis without eye movement signs, and in patienits with downbeat nystagmus indicative of low brain stem lesions. Displacements of gaze from primary position to 300 left and right were recorded using the electro-oculogram, with the head in the primary position, and turned voluntarily to the left and right (in yaw). The quality of eye movements was noted and peak velocities of saccades were measured. The head turning test trebled the incidence of abnormal eye movements found in the multiple sclerosis patients and increased it by tenfold in the patients with downbeat nystagmus. Disorders of eye movement were also found in approximately 20-30% of healthy subjects tested. Weakness of abduction was the most common eye movement defect and appeared to be posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia. A hypothesis is made which unifies the theoretical explanations of anterior and posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The most likely cause of the disorders of eye movement observed is vertebrobasilar ischaemia induced by stretching and compression of the vertebral arteries during eccentric head posture.When the head is turned from its primary position several things happen which have effects upon activity within the central nervous system. Firstly, if the head rotates in the horizontal plane (yaw) so that the chin points to the right or left, the cervical spinal cord and the lower brain stem are deformed in torsion and shear, and this may be accompanied by compression of one side and stretching of the opposite side. The mechanical distortion of the brain stem probably reaches as high as the level of the tentorium cerebelli, and undoubtedly affects the cerebellar peduncles and at least part of the body of the cerebellum (personal observations on the brains of cats and monkeys fixed with the head held in different positions).Secondly, displacement of the head in yaw produces differential movements between the foramen magnum, the atlas, and the axis which lead to compression of the vertebral artery on the side towards which the head is turned and narrowing of the artery on the opposite side (De Kleyn and

show abstract

Arthrokinetic nystagmus and ego-motion sensation

Brandt¹,

Büchele²,

Arnold³

1977

Exp Brain Res

210

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A compelling illusion of body rotation and nystagmus can be induced when the horizontally extended arm of a stationary subject is passively rotated about a vertical axis in the shoulder joint. Lateral nystagmus with the fast phase beating in the opposite direction to the arm movement was found consistently; the mean slow phase velocity increased with increasing actual arm velocity and reached about 15 degrees/sec; the mean position of the eyes was deviated towards the fast phase as in optokinetic nystagmus, and the nystagmus continued after the cessation of stimulation (arthrokinetic after-nystagmus). The existence of an arthrokinetic circularvection and nystagmus indicates a convergence of vestibular and somatosensory afferents from joint receptors. It is concluded that information about joint movements plays an important role within the multisensory processes of self-motion perception.

show abstract

Some Forms of Nystagmus Provoked by Stimuli other than Accelerations

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Cervical Vertigo – Reality or Fiction?

Cervical Vertigo – Reality or Fiction?

Eccentric head positions reveal disorders of conjugate eye movement.

Arthrokinetic nystagmus and ego-motion sensation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About