Some new aspects of nutrition, health conditions and fertility of intensively reared dairy cows

Bertoni, Giuseppe; Trevisi, Erminio; Lombardelli, Rosanna

doi:10.4081/ijas.2009.491

Cited by 65 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…It is widely accepted that the transition period is critical for health disorders and that high milk yield can be responsible for higher disease susceptibility (Bertoni et al, 2009). Uribe et al (1995) demonstrated a high and inverse correlation between milk yield and hypocalcaemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk production during the colostral period is not related to the later lactational performance in dairy cows

Kessler

Bruckmaier

Gross

2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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In dairy cows, milk yield increases rapidly after parturition until a peak at around wk 6 of lactation. However, the description of the shape of the lactation curve is commonly based on weekly average milk yields. For a more detailed analysis of the milk production curve from the very beginning of lactation including the colostral period and the effect of colostrum yield on further lactational performance, the first 10 milkings after parturition, daily milk yields from d 1 to 28 of lactation, and the cumulative milk production on d 100 to 305 of lactation were investigated in 17 primiparous and 39 multiparous cows milked twice daily. Milk yield at the first milking after parturition (colostrum) ranged from 1.3 to 20.7 kg (Δ = 19.4 kg) in multiparous and from 1.8 to 10.9 kg in primiparous animals (Δ = 9.1 kg). At the tenth milking, milk production ranged from 9.2 to 21.5 kg (Δ = 12.3 kg) in multiparous and from 7.0 to 15.2 kg (Δ = 8.2 kg) in primiparous animals. Immediately after parturition, daily milk production increased rapidly, but after approximately 1 wk in lactation, the slope of the daily milk production curve flattened and continued more linear. A nonlinear regression equation was used to determine this timely change, which occurred earlier in primiparous (d 6.9 ± 0.3) than in multiparous cows (d 8.2 ± 0.2). The correlation between the amount of first colostrum and milk production during further lactation decreased already from 0.47 on d 5 to 0.32 on d 14. In multiparous cows, the correlation between total milk production of the previous 305 d standard lactation and the amount of first colostrum was not significant (correlation = 0.29), whereas the correlation with the daily production increased from 0.45 on d 5 to 0.69 on d 14. However, in primiparous animals, correlations between first-colostrum yield and daily milk yields up to d 28 of lactation were not significant, possibly due to the smaller sample size compared with multiparous animals. First-colostrum yield and cumulative milk production of 100, 200, and 305 lactation days were not significantly correlated in multiparous and primiparous cows. In conclusion, the milk production during the first few milkings is widely independent from the overall production level of a cow. Potentially, genetic selection toward lower milk yield during the very first days after parturition at a simultaneously high lactational performance may be a tool to ensure sufficient colostrum quality and to reduce the metabolic load around parturition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk production during the colostral period is not related to the later lactational performance in dairy cows

Kessler

Bruckmaier

Gross

2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…The function of the digestive tract organs determines the metabolic balance of the whole organism of a high yielding cow (Ingvarsten et al, 2003;Beever, 2006). The homeostasis disturbance during this period is crucial for the performance of the dairy animals in the current as well as in the next lactations (Bertoni et al, 2009;Jóźwik et al, 2010b). The intensive energy turnover, under conditions of limited body reserves, causes high yielding cows to be more susceptible to numerous pathogenic factors, especially in early lactation (Ingvarsten et al, 2003;Litwińczuk et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between milk yield, stage of lactation, and some blood serum metabolic parameters of dairy cows

Jóźwik¹,

Strzałkowska²,

Bagnicka³

et al. 2012

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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The increase of milk production observed in dairy cows after calving is usually related to insufficient feed intake, which leads to negative energy balance (Drackley, 1999a, b). The energy demand of high-yielding cows in the peak of lactation exceeds the amounts of net energy from diet. This is a result of a decreased appetite after parturition and an increase in metabolic processes, which in consequences requires large amounts of substrates for milk constituents synthesis. A lack of sufficient nutritional components in the feed results in the use of body reserves, because in order to decrease the energetic deficiency, surplus fat is mobilized and undergoes lipolytic processes. Fat hydrolysis causes increased fatty acids metabolism in the liver, resulting in adipose tissue degeneration (Mulligan et al., 2006). Intensified lipolysis leads to metabolic disorders like hyperketonemia, hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia (Ingvarsten et al., 2003;Mulligan et al., 2006). These metabolic disorders negatively affect the yield, chemical composition, and technological parameters of milk (Rzewuska et al., 2011) and fertility traits as well (Roxtrom et al., 2000). Under conditions of energy deficiency also rumen functional disorders can be noticed. The function of the digestive tract organs determines the metabolic balance of the whole organism of a high yielding cow (Ingvarsten et al., 2003; Relationship between milk yield, stage of lactation, and some blood serum metabolic parameters of dairy cowsA. Jóźwik, N. Strzałkowska, E. Bagnicka, W. Grzybek, J. Krzyżewski, E. Poławska, A. Kołataj, J.O. HorbańczukInstitute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS in Jastrzębiec, Wólka Kosowska near Warsaw, Poland ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of milk yield and stage of lactation on the activity of liver enzymes, cholesterol, and vitamin C concentration in blood of milking cows. The experiment was carried out on Polish Holstein-Friesian Black and White dairy cows with two different milk yield levels: M -medium (about 7000 kg per lactation) and H -high (about 10 000 kg per lactation). In blood serum, AST, ALT, GGT, CHOL, and vitamin C were estimated. The AST and ALT activities in the blood serum were lower in M group than in H group, however within M and H groups there were no differences in both aminotransferases activity between the 60 th and the 200 th day of lactation. Differences in GGT activity (P ≤ 0.01), CHOL (P ≤ 0.05), and vitamin C level (P ≤ 0.01) in blood serum were found between both stages of lactation. Negative correlations between vitamin C level with somatic cell count and milk yield traits were observed, that may indicate an increase in oxidative processes in high-yielding dairy cows. The achieved results may be used in diagnostics and/or evaluation of herds from the point of view of biochemical and pathophysiological processes.

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“…Changes in the direction and magnitude of various pathways of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), glucose and amino acid metabolism, as cows go from late pregnancy through lactation have been well-described during the past 20 years (reviewed recently by Drackley et al, 2006). Besides the well-established knowledge, more recent data have underscored the link between negative energy balance (NEB), oxidative stress and inflammation (Bertoni et al, 2009). This period of the lactation cycle clearly is one where inter-tissue coordination must be tightly regulated so the animal can make a smooth transition into lactation, that is, free of metabolic or infectious disease.…”

Section: Linking Cattle Genome To Ruminant Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biological consequence of downregulation of the complement system would be a reduction in inflammatory-like responses after parturition compared to control cows. The inflammatory-like conditions typical in peripartal cows have detrimental influence on performance (Bertoni et al, 2009); thus, the reduction of the complement system should have prevented or reduced the postpartal inflammatory-like response. It appears from the above studies that 'nutritional stress' and 'metabolic stress' seem to be characterized by widely different responses at the level of liver and likely encompass alterations in peripheral signals including cytokines, metabolites and/or hormones.…”

Section: Linking Cattle Genome To Ruminant Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cattle genomics and its implications for future nutritional strategies for dairy cattle

Seo

Larkin

Loor

2013

Animal

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The recently sequenced cattle (Bos taurus) genome unraveled the unique genomic features of the species and provided the molecular basis for applying a systemic approach to systematically link genomic information to metabolic traits. Comparative analysis has identified a variety of evolutionary adaptive features in the cattle genome, such as an expansion of the gene families related to the rumen function, large number of chromosomal rearrangements affecting regulation of genes for lactation, and chromosomal rearrangements that are associated with segmental duplications and copy number variations. Metabolic reconstruction of the cattle genome has revealed that core metabolic pathways are highly conserved among mammals although five metabolic genes are deleted or highly diverged and seven metabolic genes are present in duplicate in the cattle genome compared to their human counter parts. The evolutionary loss and gain of metabolic genes in the cattle genome may reflect metabolic adaptations of cattle. Metabolic reconstruction also provides a platform for better understanding of metabolic regulation in cattle and ruminants. A substantial body of transcriptomics data from dairy and beef cattle under different nutritional management and across different stages of growth and lactation are already available and will aid in linking the genome with metabolism and nutritional physiology of cattle. Application of cattle genomics has great potential for future development of nutritional strategies to improve efficiency and sustainability of beef and milk production. One of the biggest challenges is to integrate genomic and phenotypic data and interpret them in a biological and practical platform. Systems biology, a holistic and systemic approach, will be very useful in overcoming this challenge.

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Some new aspects of nutrition, health conditions and fertility of intensively reared dairy cows

Cited by 65 publications

References 133 publications

Milk production during the colostral period is not related to the later lactational performance in dairy cows

Milk production during the colostral period is not related to the later lactational performance in dairy cows

Relationship between milk yield, stage of lactation, and some blood serum metabolic parameters of dairy cows

Cattle genomics and its implications for future nutritional strategies for dairy cattle

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