Some Phenomena Associated with the Development of Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense Infections in the Tsetse Fly, Glossina Morsitans *

Jb, Gingrich; Ra, Ward; Lm, Macken; Km, Esser

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.570

Cited by 5 publications

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“…Given the right conditions, trypanosomes can infect their mammalian and insect hosts very efficiently: a single parasite is sufficient to infect a tsetse fly [17] and one bite of an infected fly is sufficient to infect a mammal [18] with a minimal infective dose of one metacyclic trypanosome [19]. This high infectivity implies that trypanosomes can cope with very narrow bottlenecks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottlenecks and the Maintenance of Minor Genotypes during the Life Cycle of Trypanosoma brucei

et al. 2010

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African trypanosomes are digenetic parasites that undergo part of their developmental cycle in mammals and part in tsetse flies. We established a novel technique to monitor the population dynamics of Trypanosoma brucei throughout its life cycle while minimising the confounding factors of strain differences or variation in fitness. Clones derived from a single trypanosome were tagged with short synthetic DNA sequences in a non-transcribed region of the genome. Infections were initiated with mixtures of tagged parasites and a combination of polymerase chain reaction and deep sequencing were used to monitor the composition of populations throughout the life cycle. This revealed that a minimum of several hundred parasites survived transmission from a tsetse fly to a mouse, or vice versa, and contributed to the infection in the new host. In contrast, the parasites experienced a pronounced bottleneck during differentiation and migration from the midgut to the salivary glands of tsetse. In two cases a single tag accounted for ≥99% of the population in the glands, although minor tags could be also detected. Minor tags were transmitted to mice together with the dominant tag(s), persisted during a chronic infection, and survived transmission to a new insect host. An important outcome of the bottleneck within the tsetse is that rare variants can be amplified in individual flies and disseminated by them. This is compatible with the epidemic population structure of T. brucei, in which clonal expansion of a few genotypes in a region occurs against a background of frequent recombination between strains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottlenecks and the Maintenance of Minor Genotypes during the Life Cycle of Trypanosoma brucei

et al. 2010

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Adaptive Immunity and Trypanosomiasis-Driven B-Cell Destruction

Magez

Radwanska²

2013

Trypanosomes and Trypanosomiasis

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African sleeping sickness: new evidence that mature tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans) can become potent vectors

Gingrich

Ward

Macken

et al. 1982

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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Starved mature male tsetse flies (21 to 25 days old) are capable of developing salivary gland (SG) infections of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense at rates nearly comparable to teneral males less than 24 hours old when given an infective meal containing parasites, horse red cells and culture medium. Although the over-all SG infection rate for mature males starved for three, four or five days before infection was about half that for teneral males less than 48 hours old (8.0% v. 15.6%), males starved for four days developed infection rates (12.3%) that were comparable to those of teneral flies less than 24 hours old (11.8%). It is suggested that the acquisition of infection by mature flies should be considered when evaluating factors contributing either to maintenance of endemic infections or perhaps even epidemic infections of human sleeping sickness.

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Some Phenomena Associated with the Development of Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense Infections in the Tsetse Fly, Glossina Morsitans *

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Bottlenecks and the Maintenance of Minor Genotypes during the Life Cycle of Trypanosoma brucei

Bottlenecks and the Maintenance of Minor Genotypes during the Life Cycle of Trypanosoma brucei

Adaptive Immunity and Trypanosomiasis-Driven B-Cell Destruction

African sleeping sickness: new evidence that mature tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans) can become potent vectors

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