Some physical investigations of the behaviour of bacterial surfaces VI. Chemical modification of surface components

Gittens, G.J.; James, A. M.

doi:10.1016/0006-3002(63)91191-0

Cited by 61 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…stirred in methanol-ether for 3 hr, but omitting diazomethane (curve B). Similar results-although with a less pronounced shoulder-have been reported for the bacteria Aerobacter aerogenes (Gittens & James, 1963) and Bacillus subtilis cell walls (Best & Durham, 1965). …”

supporting

confidence: 84%

“…All buffer solutions were used at a final ionic strength ( I ) of 0-05. The following buffer solutions were used for pH/mobility curves (Gittens & James, 1963): below pH 2.6, HCl and NaCl; pH 2.6-9.6, NaCl+ sodium acetate + sodium barbiturate + HCl; above pH 9.6, NaCl + sodium acetate + diazomethane was prepared from N-methyl-N-nitr oso-p-t oluenesulp honamide (De Boer & Backer, 1954). Methylated and control cell walls were incorporated into KBr discs and the infra-red spectra recorded on a Perkin Elmer 237 spectrophotometer.…”

Section: Micro-ezectrophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Dodine Acetate on the Electrophoretic Mobility of Neurospora crassa Conidia

Somers¹,

Fisher²

1967

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYThe electrokinetic behaviour of intact conidia and cell walls of Neurospora crassa was studied using a micro-electrophoresis technique. By chemical and enzyme treatments it has been established that amino, carboxyl and phosphate groups are integral components of the spore surface; acid phosphate groups, however, were not found on the surface of washed cell walls. The fungicide dodine acetate reduced the negative charge on conidia to zero and, with increasing concentration, gave a positive charge to the spores: at lower fungicide concentrations the negative charge on the surface of cell walls and stabilized protoplasts was also neutralized. These results are consistent with an ionic reaction between the dodine cation and the carboxyl and phosphate groups of the cell. There was no evidence that the toxic reaction between dodine acetate and N. crassa conidia is located on the spore surface-the spores were completely killed before there was a perceptible reduction in electrophoretic mobility.

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supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Micro-ezectrophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dodine Acetate on the Electrophoretic Mobility of Neurospora crassa Conidia

Somers¹,

Fisher²

1967

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…Electrophoretic mobility is dependent on the ionic strength of the suspending medium, so care was taken to ensure that the ionic strength of each buffer was constant and identical; all buffer solutions had a final ionic strength (I) of 0-05 moll-'. The buffer solutions used for measuring the electrophoretic mobility of spores were HCI and NaCl for pH 2; NaCI, sodium acetate, sodium barbiturate and HCI for pH 3 to 9; NaCI, sodium acetate, sodium barbiturate and NaOH for pH 10 and 11 (Gittens & James, 1963). All buffers were made up in double-distilled water.…”

Section: E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Junlon and Hostacerin on the Electrokinetic Properties of Spores of Aspergillus niger, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Geotrichum candidum

1988

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The electrophoretic behaviour of freshly harvested spores of Aspergillus niger, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Geotrichum candidum was determined in solution at various pH values. Freshly harvested spores of all three species lacked positive mobility at low pH values, suggesting a preponderance of acidic surface groups. Spores of the 'non-aggregating' fungus, G. candidum, had a pH-mobility curve (peak of negative mobility between pH 3 and 4) which was quite different to those of spores of the 'aggregating' fungi, A . niger and P. chrysosporium. The pH-mobility curve of swollen spores of A . niger which had been incubated in medium differed from that of freshly harvested spores, suggesting that changes in the wall that occur during germination alter the electrophoretic properties of the spores; swollen spores of A . niger, unlike freshly harvested spores, had a negative mobility maximum at pH 5.0.After treatment with Junlon-110 (a polyacrylic acid), spores of all three species had similar pH-mobility curves and all had peaks of negative mobility at pH 4.0. The electrophoretic mobility of spores of P. chrysosporium at pH 6.5 increased linearly with the concentration (0.01-0.4%, w/v) of Junlon used in the pre-treatment ; electrophoretic mobility after pre-treatment with 0.005-0.1 % (w/v) Hostacerin (sodium polyacrylate) increased only up to 0.01 % (w/v) Hostacerin. The results obtained show that Junlon-1 10 and Hostacerin bind to fungal walls, and it is possible that spore and hyphal aggregation is reduced by these compounds because of repulsion between particles resulting from ionized carboxyl groups on the polymer.

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“…Each mobility value was the mean of at least 20 observations. Mobilities of organisms were measured using suspensions (10 ml) containing approximately 0.5 mg dry wt (10' organisms) ml -l. The buffers used (Gittens & James, 1963) were NaCl/HCl (pH I -5 to 2.0) or NaCl/sodium acetate/sodium barbiturate/ HCl (PH 3.0 to 9.0), and had an ionic strength of 0.05 or 0.005. The conductivity of each buffer was measured using a Griffin conductivity bridge (Griffin & George, Wembley, Middlesex).…”

Section: Analysis Of Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Wall Phosphomannan in Flocculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Jayatissa

Rose

1976

Journal of General Microbiology

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S U M M A R YTreatment with 60 yo hydrofluoric acid (HF) removed most of the phosphorus and small amounts of mannan, glucan and protein from walls of two nonflocculent strains ( N C Y C~~~ and NCYCI004) and two flocculent strains (NCYCIOOS and NCYC I 063) of Saccharornyces cerevisiae. Organisms of all strains showed increased flocculating ability following H F treatment. Flocculation of untreated organisms of NCYCIOOS and N C Y C I O~~, and of HF-treated organisms of all four strains, declined appreciably when they were washed in deionized water, with or without EDTA, and the flocculation was measured in deionized water instead of in 0.05 M-sodium acetate containing Ca2 +. Treatment with I ,a-epoxypropane also caused a decrease in the flocculating ability of these organisms. Extracting the lipids from organisms of strains N C Y C~~~ and N C Y C I O O~ had no effect on their flocculating ability, but decreased the flocculating ability of organisms of strains NCYCIOO5 and N C Y C I O~~. pH-electrophoretic mobility curves of untreated and HF-treated organisms confirmed the loss of wall phosphate by H F treatment, and indicated that HF treatment had little effect on the content of protein carboxyl groups in the outer wall layers. Mannose at 0 . 2 2~ completely prevented floc formation by organisms of strain N C Y C I O~~ ; but, even at 0.33 M, it had very little effect on floc formation by HF-treated organisms of strains ~c u c 3 6 6 and ~c u c r o 6 3 . Organisms of all four strains bound fluorescein-conjugated concanavalin A to the same extent after treatment with HF as before, but this treatment led to a greatly diminished binding of fluorescein-conjugated antiserum raised against organisms of strain N C Y C~~~. The results indicate that phosphodiester linkages in yeast-wall mannan are not involved in bridge formation through Ca2 + during floc formation and that this arises principally through carboxyl groups.

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Some physical investigations of the behaviour of bacterial surfaces VI. Chemical modification of surface components

Cited by 61 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of Dodine Acetate on the Electrophoretic Mobility of Neurospora crassa Conidia

Effect of Dodine Acetate on the Electrophoretic Mobility of Neurospora crassa Conidia

Effects of Junlon and Hostacerin on the Electrokinetic Properties of Spores of Aspergillus niger, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Geotrichum candidum

Role of Wall Phosphomannan in Flocculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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