“…The antimicrobial activity of kefir extract has been reported in several studies (Chifiriuc, Cioaca, & Lazar, 2011;Garrote, Abraham, & Antoni, 2000;Kukhtyn, Vichko, Horyuk, et al, 2018;Rodrigues, Caputo, Carvalho, Evangelista, & Schneedorf, 2005;Santos, San Mauro, Sanchez, Torres, & Marquina, 2003;Silva et al, 2009;Yuksekgag, Beyatli, & Aslim, 2004). This antimicrobial activity is associated with the production of organic acids, peptides (bacteriocins), exopolysaccharide of kefiran hydrogen peroxide, carbon dioxide, ethanol, and diacetyl (Leite et al, 2013;Moradi & Kalanpour, 2018;Prado et al, 2015).…”