Some Recent Spectroscopic Approaches to the Solid-Solution Interface

Bockris, J. O'm.; Gamboa-Aldeco, Maria

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3782-9_2

Cited by 81 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The total interface overpotential is defined 10 as the change of the inner potential difference between equilibrium (zero external bias) and non-equilibrium (non-zero bias):…”

Section: -9 |mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in its simplest form (the high-field approximation 10,28 ), relates the current density i and the total double-layer overpotentials η. i 0 is the exchange-current density flowing back and forth across the interface when the cell is in equilibrium, and is proportional to the charge-transfer reaction rate. The applied potential difference V cell is distributed across the three overpotentials of the cell:…”

Section: Electrochemical Reactions In a Driven Soecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As reviewed in Section 3, every double-layer has an associated potential (difference) that is modified by an "overpotential" when the current is flowing. In fact, the current through a double-layer depends exponentially on its overpotential 10 . An overpotential always decreases the device's power output by reducing the useful potential obtained from a fuel cell and increasing the potential needed to drive an electrolyzer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, overpotentials only exist when the cell is in operando. Second, they cannot be measured by a contact probe, the traditional approach to measuring potentials on metals and semiconductors -contacting a potential probe to a solid-state electrolyte, which must be electrically insulating, introduces another double-layer, confounding the measurement 10,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring individual overpotentials in an operating solid-oxide electrochemical cell

Gabaly

Graß

McDaniel

et al. 2010

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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We use photo-electrons as a non-contact probe to measure local electrical potentials in a solid-oxide electrochemical cell. We characterize the cell in operando at near-ambient pressure using spatially-resolved X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The overpotentials at the interfaces between the Ni and Pt electrodes and the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte are directly measured. The method is validated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Using the overpotentials, which characterize the cell's inefficiencies, we compare without ambiguity the electro-catalytic efficiencies of Ni and Pt, finding that on Ni H 2 O splitting proceeds more rapidly than H 2 oxidation ,while on Pt, H 2 oxidation proceeds more rapidly than H 2 O splitting.

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“…The total interface overpotential is defined 10 as the change of the inner potential difference between equilibrium (zero external bias) and non-equilibrium (non-zero bias):…”

Section: -9 |mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemical Reactions In a Driven Soecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Measuring individual overpotentials in an operating solid-oxide electrochemical cell

Gabaly

Graß

McDaniel

et al. 2010

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is mainly due to the spontaneous instability of the metallic substances that results from the chargetransfer reactions at interfaces between the metallic material and its environment (Bockris et al, 2000). The control of corrosion phenomena is a subject of tremendous technological significances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Sputter-Deposited W-42Cr-5Ni and Cr-10Zr-10w Alloys by Sodium Nitrite as Green Inhibitor in 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M NaOH Solutions

Subedi

Pokharel

Bhattarai

2014

Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol

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The effect of different concentrations of sodium nitrite as a green corrosion inhibitor on the corrosion inhibition mechanism of the sputterdeposited ternary W-42Cr-5Ni and Cr-10Zr-10W alloys was studied in 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M NaOH solutions open to air at 25ºC using corrosion tests. The use of the sodium nitrite enhanced the corrosion resistance properties of both the alloys in 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M NaOH solutions. It is found that the sodium nitrite is strongly adsorbed on the surface of the sputter-deposited these two alloys by physical adsorption, not by the chemisorption. As a result the corrosion resistance property of the alloys was found to be significantly increased with increasing the concentration of the green corrosion inhibitor of sodium nitrite. The corrosion rates of the sputter-deposited W-42Cr-5Ni and Cr-10Zr-10W alloys were decreased with increasing the concentrations of sodium nitrite of 2400 ppm.

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Nanostructured Materials Synthesized Using Electrochemical Techniques

Oliveira

Freitas

Mattoso

et al. 2008

Nanostructured Materials in Electrochemistry

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The visualization and/or handling of atom clusters, or even individual atoms, has been achieved during the past 25 years. One of the most practical instruments for this purpose is the tunneling microscope, which was invented during the 1980s. On such a small scale, materials properties are not the same as those of a macroscopicsized substance. The first occasion on which a scientist proposed atom handling was in 1959, when Professor Richard Feynman [1], during a lecture at the California Institute Technology, suggested that in the near future engineers would be able to take atoms and place them exactly where they wanted to, without -of courseinfringing the laws of Nature. Today, Professor Feynmans lecture, which was entitled There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom, is considered a milestone of the current technological and scientific era.We can define nanoscience as the study of the phenomena and handling of structures on the atomic, molecular and macromolecular scale, where at least one dimension is significantly less than the others. And nanotechnology includes the design, characterization, and production of devices and systems on a nanometer scale. This definition of nanotechnology is wide-ranging, it is not a specific technology, all of the techniques based on physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and engineering -and/or using computers -leading to the development of materials and tools in such a way that the common point among them is the reduced dimension in which they operate. Among these applications are: increased storage and processing capacity for computers; the creation of new mechanisms for drug delivery; and the production of materials which are both lighter and more resistant than metals and plastics. Additional benefits of nanotechnology developments include energy saving, environmental protection, and the more efficient use of increasingly scarce raw materials.Today, these new investigations into material fabrication are focused mainly on nanostructured devices or, at least, microdevices. The most-often used technique for j117 Nanostructured Materials in Electrochemistry. Edited by Ali Eftekhari

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Some Recent Spectroscopic Approaches to the Solid-Solution Interface

Cited by 81 publications

References 65 publications

Measuring individual overpotentials in an operating solid-oxide electrochemical cell

Measuring individual overpotentials in an operating solid-oxide electrochemical cell

Study of Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Sputter-Deposited W-42Cr-5Ni and Cr-10Zr-10w Alloys by Sodium Nitrite as Green Inhibitor in 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M NaOH Solutions

Nanostructured Materials Synthesized Using Electrochemical Techniques

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