Some Recent Studies in the Immunology of Cancer. I. Detection of Methyl‐cholanthrene‐like Substance by the Schultz‐dale Method in the Sera of Patients With Tumors and in Some Apparently Healthy Persons

Recent Studies in the Immunology of Cancer. Iii. Detection of Cancer Antibodies and Auto‐anti‐bodies by an Intradermal Reaction, With a Review of the Detection in Human Serum of Cancer Antigens by the Schultz‐dale Method*

“…In a third modification (9), by using both the carcinoma supernatants after centrifugation at 10,000 rpm and methyl cholanthrene (MC) to immunize pigs, MC‐like substances and antigens immunologically similar to carcinoma supernatant were detected in 90–100 per cent of proven carcinoma cases, in 80 per cent of tumors other than carcinoma, and in 47 per cent of a small number of apparently healthy persons.…”

Recent Studies in the Immunology of Cancer. V. Detection of Tumors in Man by the Skin Testing of Polysaccharide‐antibody Complexes*,†

“…Since the T.S.T. is for tumor screening and not for carcinoma diagnosis (as is the blood test (3, 6)), and since it is possible that many subjects have silent benign tumors ( e.g. , fibroids or polyps), it is not surprising to find a relatively high percentage of positive test reactions among the so‐called “normal” subjects.…”

“…Both of these approaches are based on definite immunologic principles. The blood test detects cancer antigens in the serum of patients by means of the Schultz‐Dale procedure in which a sensitized guinea‐pig uterine segment is used as the indicator of antigen‐antibody reactions (3–6). In the skin test, the skin of the subject to be tested is used as the site for antigen‐antibody reactions following the intradermal injection of polysaccharide‐antibody complexes, the source of the antibodies being the serum of the subject.…”

An Immunologic Unitarian Concept of Cancer*

“…It represents a train of events induced by excessive stimulation of abnormal polysaccharide substances which accumulate in host tissues as a result of prolonged irritation—the cumulative result over many years of numerous repeated insults to certain exposed cells. Chemical carcinogens, viruses, physical agents, hormones, and other agents which are now regarded as causes of cancer seem to share this common property, namely, the ability to produce in host tissues the endogenous formation of tumor‐specific antigenic polysaccharide substances (1–6). These abnormal polysaccharide compounds, which we shall refer to as tumor polysaccharide substances (TPS), are believed to result from an alteration of the normal polysaccharide substances (NPS) which are known to surround all cells, and which Bennett (7) recently has demonstrated by electron microscopy.…”

“…VOl. X I physical agents, hormones, and other agents which are now regarded as causes of cancer seem to share this common property, namely, the ability to produce in host tissues the endogenous formation of tumor-specific antigenic polysaccharide substances (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). These abnormal polysaccharide compounds, which we shall refer to as tumor polysaccharide substances (TPS), are believed to result from an alteration of the normal polysaccharide substances (NPS) which are known to surround all cells, and which Bennett (7) recently has demonstrated by electron microscopy.…”