Some remarks on two and three dimensional consolidation analysis of sand-drained ground

2D and 3D Numerical Modeling of Combined Surcharge and Vacuum Preloading with Vertical Drains

“…Shinsha et al 1982;Hird et al 1992;Bergado and Long 1994;Chai et al 2001;Indraratna et al 2005). Cheung et al (1991) employed the conversion procedure which assumes that the settlement response at 50% degree of consolidation is the same for both 2D and axisymmetric (3D) conditions (Shinsha 1991). However, significant differences of the excess pore pressure predictions were found between these two schemes.…”

“…Since the last decade, improved and user-friendly three-dimensional finite element (3D) codes have emerged as a powerful tool capable of capturing ground response details that cannot be analysed using traditional 2D (plane strain) finite element software (Small and Zhang, 1991). For 3D analysis, a single row of drains with influence zones has been considered, but without considering a smear zone (Cheung et al 1991;Borges, 2004). This study demonstrates that a 3D analysis should be considered for embankments where the 2D plane strain condition may not be appropriate due to the nature of embankment geometry among the other reasons.…”

“…This method can be conveniently simulated as a multi-drain system in numerical (FEM) modeling. Discrepancies between 2D predictions and observations, especially in terms of excess pore pressure and lateral displacments are often noted (Cheung 1991). Since the last decade, improved and user-friendly three-dimensional finite element (3D) codes have emerged as a powerful tool capable of capturing ground response details that cannot be analysed using traditional 2D (plane strain) finite element software (Small and Zhang, 1991).…”

Numerical analyses of embankments on PVD improved soft clays

“…The actual 3D problem can be converted into an equivalent plane strain model which has equivalent properties and dimensions. Several authors [12][13][14][15][16] developed numerical matching techniques for simulating the vertical drain effect under twodimensional (2D) plane strain conditions. These matching techniques assume that the consolidation behaviour takes place in an independent single drainage system (unit cell concept) which has linear compressibility characteristics without any lateral movements.…”

Vertical drain consolidation analysis in one, two and three dimensions

“…Also, if soil depth varies, as might happen in a 3D model, then permeability would need to vary for different soil thicknesses. Attempts have been made to study multiple drains in full 3D: [15] [16][17] [18]. Only simple 3D geometries such as single rows of drains or large cubes of soil have been modeled because the fundamental problem, which motivated the original plane strain matching procedures, of too many elements in a 3D FEM mesh with explicit drains still exists.…”