Unfavorable natural factors in the Arctic can be the reason for the formation of various somatic diseases or their exacerbations. Respiratory organs are one of the primary systems that perceive the pathogenic potential of these factors. Since the cells of the APUD system, producing hormones and other biologically active substances, are concentrated in the upper respiratory tract, one can assume their participation in the negative effects of the natural conditions of the Arctic north. It was previously demonstrated that a change in the activity of the APUD-system of the digestive tract can also provoke various diseases and the therapeutic efficacy of drinking mineral waters is due to their stimulating effect on this functional system. It was found that the inhalation of mineral water, even with a single exposure, has a significant polymodal effect on the secretion of hormones and the regulation of metabolic reactions: first, the production of gastrin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and the content of free fatty acids in the blood are activated. Then, there is an increase in insulin secretion and serotonin levels in the blood against the background of inhibition of aldosterone secretion. With the course use of mineral water inhalations, it was found that its therapeutic effect in patients with duodenal ulcer disease, as well as in patients with metabolic syndrome, is associated with changes in the hormonal regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which justifies the possibility of using the method of mineral water inhalations for the treatment and prevention of the diseases caused by the negative impact of natural factors in the Arctic.